tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34427955839338642142024-03-09T18:46:10.023-08:00Textile Education TipsTextile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.comBlogger104125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-38931818623140841622013-03-28T22:49:00.000-07:002013-03-28T22:49:01.203-07:00About Buttons/Button Types/Button Size<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Study On Button</b><br />
<br />In modern clothing and fashion design, a button is small fastener, most common trims of Garments. Buttons are most often attached to articles of clothing but can also be used on containers such as wallets and bags.<br /><br /><b>Button types</b><br /><br />1. Shank button<br />2. Self Shank hole button<br />3. Snap button<br />4. Cloth button are created by embroidering or crocheting tight stitches ( usually with linen thread) over a knob or ring called a form<br />5. Mandarin buttons or frogs are knobs made of intricately knotted strings where they are closed with loops<br />
<br /><b>Button size</b><br /><br />Button sizes are normally indicated by “Ligne” from French word meaning Line is a unit of length that was in use prior to French adaptation of the metric system in the late 1700s and still used by French and Swiss wrist watch makers to measure the size of watch movement, and is abbreviated with the letter “L” Ligne is the internationally recognized standard. The conversion of Ligne is 0.635 for example 20 (20L) = 20×0.635 =121.70 mm. The measure indicates the distance of farthermost corners or multi-angular buttons or easy to say it is diameter of round buttons.<br />
<br />
<b>Button Figure:</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXYdctnoFK-xfo3y0azG0Q_OCZ6pyBxLj_uVJJD-UFbcLo2Pt0HEvJ611Dm3Kf50_HcRMyg-eGoybLFApqurnPIjVS-IP7ngaxZGKAe9aD7u2Qu5yOxeUpjFOIWUugQxL4JDAmdpf_aEw/s1600/tex3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXYdctnoFK-xfo3y0azG0Q_OCZ6pyBxLj_uVJJD-UFbcLo2Pt0HEvJ611Dm3Kf50_HcRMyg-eGoybLFApqurnPIjVS-IP7ngaxZGKAe9aD7u2Qu5yOxeUpjFOIWUugQxL4JDAmdpf_aEw/s320/tex3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-70102420007173080802013-03-28T22:40:00.001-07:002013-03-28T22:40:13.594-07:00Weave Patterns Types/Classification of Weave Patterns<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Weave Patterns Class</b></span><br />
<br />The two major categories based on the types of weaves are Basic or Simple weave and Compound or complex weaves which are further categorized in the following categories.<br />
<br />
<b>Basic/Simple Weave Patterns:</b><br /><br />1. Plain Weave<br />2. Twill Weave<br />3. Satin Weave<br /><br /><b>Compound/Complex/Novelty Weave Patterns:</b><br /><br />1. Dobby Weave<br />2. Jacquard Weave<br />3. Double Cloth & Double Weave<br />4. Pique<br />5. Pile Fabrics<br />6. Surface Figure Weaves<br />
<br /><b>Figure for Weave Patterns:</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidGUq3voR1I12aQXcuGkbqir3GzWzMjRoDfcePobhkWZ0pkoMQkTp7rve3Q-9X-U5VwYL-m3RpVnNQwVULb6qtzzic1OQeCkrlefqHSG-u5e1kYa7S7IKTuvWDCR1a2neZNMvPL4MJpxQ/s1600/Tex2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidGUq3voR1I12aQXcuGkbqir3GzWzMjRoDfcePobhkWZ0pkoMQkTp7rve3Q-9X-U5VwYL-m3RpVnNQwVULb6qtzzic1OQeCkrlefqHSG-u5e1kYa7S7IKTuvWDCR1a2neZNMvPL4MJpxQ/s400/Tex2.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-66342758426471456962013-03-28T22:29:00.002-07:002013-03-28T22:29:37.018-07:00Some Test For Quality Control in Textile Finishing<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Test For Quality Control</span></b><br />
<br /><b>1. Shrinkage Test</b><br />
<b><br />2. GSM Test</b><br />
<b><br />3. Tensile Test</b><br />
<b><br />4. Tearing Test</b><br />
<b><br />5. Color Fastness Test</b><br />
<b><br />6. Rubbing fastness Test</b><br />
<b><br />7. PH Test</b><br />
<b><br />8. Shade Matching Test</b><br />
<b><br />9. Fabric Width</b> <b>Test</b><br />
<br />
Like as figure:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO7Ub3_2ukaOSxxSBwhwxhyHEZqAmfF8hhsKAzQYYvfKe2CEl44E6rsfMuNkB5qBI7P05wyw7AwzWsXVmdNPE9nk-3UXpoNJFkPEhVBaLwMEokjC8mW72HJ_RlE2ntAWU6VTRcioFqEYw/s1600/tex.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO7Ub3_2ukaOSxxSBwhwxhyHEZqAmfF8hhsKAzQYYvfKe2CEl44E6rsfMuNkB5qBI7P05wyw7AwzWsXVmdNPE9nk-3UXpoNJFkPEhVBaLwMEokjC8mW72HJ_RlE2ntAWU6VTRcioFqEYw/s320/tex.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-42646671492896203902013-03-26T10:35:00.004-07:002013-03-26T10:36:35.927-07:00Carding/About Carding/Task of the Card/Carding Machine/Types Of Carding<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Study On Carding/About Carding </span></b><br />
<br />
<b>What is Carding?</b><br />
Carding is defined as the reduction of entangled mass of fibers to filmly web by working them between two closely spaced relatively moving surfaces clothed with sharp points. It is a preliminary process in spun yarn technology just after blow room process.<br />
<br />
<b>The Task of the Card ?</b><br />
01. Opening to individualize the fibres.<br />
02. Elimination of remaining impurities and dust.<br />
03. Disentangling of neps.<br />
04. Elimination of short fiber.<br />
05. Fiber orientation.<br />
06. Producing a uniform continuous strand called sliver.<br />
<br />
<b>Functional Zone of carding ?</b><br />
Generally there are four functional zone of carding:<br />
Feeding Zone<br />
Cleaning Zone<br />
Carding Zone<br />
Sliver formation Zone<br />
<br />
<b>Card feeding ?</b><br />
Card feeding is of two types:<br />
Lap Feed (Conventional)<br />
Chute feed (Modern)<br />
(a) Single chute feed system<br />
(b) Double chute feed system<br />
<br />
<b>Advantages of lap feed system?</b><br />
1.Linear density of the lap is very good and easier to maintain (uniformity).<br />
2. The whole installation is very flexible.<br />
3. The deviation of card output will be nill as laps can be rejected.<br />
4. Autolevellers are not required, hence investment cost and maintenance cost is less.<br />
<br />
<b>Disadvantages of lap feed system ?</b><br />
1. Transportation of lap needs more manual efforts (more labour).<br />
2. Lap run out is an additional source of fault , as it should be replaced by a new lap.<br />
3. More good fiber loss during lap change.<br />
4. More load on the taker-in as laps are heavily compressed.<br />
<br />
<b>Advantages of Chute feed system ?</b><br />
High performance of carding due to high degree of openness of feed web.<br />
Labour requirement is less due to no lap transportation and lap change in cards.<br />
<br />
<b>Disadvantages of chute feed system?</b><br />
1. Flock feeding is the only solution for high production cards.<br />
2. Linear density of the web to the card is not as good as lap.<br />
3. Installation is not flexible.<br />
4. Autoleveller is a must , hence invesment cost an maintenance cost is more. <br />
<br />
<b>Basic elements of chute feed system ?</b><br />
01. Conveyer system.<br />
02. Proper control of air pressure.<br />
03. A mechanism to feed the material at uniform weight per unit length.<br />
04. A delivery system to feed material to card feed rollers.<br />
05. A sensing mechanism to keep a certain amount of material as reserve.<br />
<br />
<b>Carding machine ?</b><br />
<b>Trutzschler carding machine:</b><br />
Model: TC03, DK903, DK803, DK 760<br />
<b>Rieter carding machine:</b><br />
Model: C60, C51, C50<br />
<br />
<b>Different types of cards ?</b><br />
<b>01. Revolving flat card:</b><br />
Card designed for processing of relatively short fibres have flats circulating on an endless path. So they are referred as revolving flat cards.<br />
<b>02. Tandem card:</b><br />
Tandem card consists of two individual cards joined together to make up a unit, in which the doffer of the first cards feeds fiber material to the taker-in of the second card. eg: Crosrol tandem card.<br />
<b>03. Super card:</b><br />
01. Two or three taker-in instead of one.<br />
02. Cylinder speed up to 800 rpm.<br />
03. Increase of the operating width 1.5 m<br />
04. Production 150 kg/ hour</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-15192500825985425522013-03-26T10:10:00.000-07:002013-03-26T10:10:11.792-07:00Process Flow Chart of Rotor Yarn/Flow Chart of Rotor Yarn<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Flow chart of Rotor yarn</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span>Input <span> </span><span> </span>———<span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Processing
<span> </span><span> </span>——— <span> </span>Output</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span>Raw Cotton>>>>>>>>Blow
Room>>>>>></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"> </span><span>Lap/ Chute mat</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span>Lap/ Chute mat>>>>>>Carding>>>>>>>>Card
Sliver</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span>Card Sliver>>>></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">>>></span><span>Breaker Drawing>>>>></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">></span><span>Drawn Sliver</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span><span></span>Drawn
Sliver>>>></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">>>></span><span>Finisher Drawing<span style="font-size: large;">>></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">>>>></span></span><span>Drawn Sliver</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span><span></span>Drawn
Sliver>>>>>></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";"></span><span>Rotor
Frame>>>>>>>Yarn(Cone form)</span></span><br />
</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-13590332409914965992013-03-24T10:48:00.005-07:002013-03-24T10:51:36.145-07:00Standard Water Quality For Dye House<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>Water Quality For Dye House</b><br />
<br />
Parameter Permissible Concentration<br />
Color Color Less<br />
Smell No Bad Smell<br />
Water Hardness <5 ppm<br />
Ph Value 7-8 (Neutral)<br />
Dissolved solid < 1 ppm<br />
Inorganic salt < 500 ppm<br />
Iron (Fe) <0.1 ppm<br />
Manganese (Mn) <0.01 ppm<br />
Copper (Cu) <0 .005 ppm<br />
Nitrate (NO3) < 50 ppm <br />
Nitrate (NO2) < 5 ppm</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-11979097343947825192013-03-22T01:32:00.002-07:002013-03-22T01:32:43.885-07:00What Is Dyeing/Classicification Of Dyeing<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>DYEING</b>: A process of coloring fibers, yarns, or fabrics with either natural or synthetic dyes.<br />
<br />
<b>Types Of Dyeing:</b> Various types of dyeing and discuss bellow...<br /><b>Batik dyeing:</b> A resist-dyeing process in which portions of a fabric are coated with wax; during the dyeing process, only the uncovered areas take up dye. The process can be repeated so that several colors are used. Batik dyeing is often imitated in machine printing.<br />
<br /><b>Chain Dyeing:</b> A method of dyeing yarns and fabrics of low tensile strength of tying them endto- end and running them through the dyebath in a continuous process.<br />
<br /><b>Cross Dyeing:</b> A method of dyeing blend or combination fabrics to two or more shades by the use of dyes with different affinities for the different fibers.<br />
<br /><b>High-Temperature Dyeing:</b> A dyeing operation in which the aqueous dye baths are maintained at temperatures greater than 100°C by use of pressurized equipment. Used for many manufactured fibers.<br />
<br /><b>Ingrain</b>: Term used to describe yarn or stock that is dyed in two or more shades prior to knitting or weaving to create blended color effects in fabrics.<br />
<br /><b>Jet Dyeing:</b> High temperature piece dyeing in which the dye liquor is circulated via a Venturi jet thus providing the driving force to move the loop of fabric.<br />
<br /><b>Mass-Colored:</b> A term to describe a manufactured fiber (yarn, staple, or tow) that has been colored by the introduction of pigments or insoluble dyes into the polymer melt or spinning solution prior to extrusion. Usually, the colors are fast to most destructive agents.<br />
<br /><b>Muff Dyeing:</b> A form of yarn dyeing in which the cone has been removed.<br />
<br /><b>Package Dyeing:</b> See DYEING, Yarn Dyeing.<br />
<br /><b>Pad Dyeing:</b> A form of dyeing whereby a dye solution is applied by means of a padder or mangle.<br />
<br /><b>Piece Dyeing:</b> The dyeing of fabrics “in the piece,” i.e., in fabric form after weaving or knitting as opposed to dyeing in the form of yarn or stock.<br />
<br /><b>Pressure Dyeing:</b> Dyeing by means of forced circulation of dye through packages of fiber, yarn, or fabric under superatmospheric pressure.<br />
<br /><b>Printing:</b> See PRINTING.<br />
<br /><b>Reserve Dyeing:</b> 1. A method of dyeing in which one component of a blend or combination fabric is left undyed. The objective is accomplished by the use of dyes that have affinity for the fiber to be colored but not for the fiber to be reserved. 2. A method of treating yarn or fabric so that in the subsequent dyeing operation the treated portion will not be dyed.<br />
<br /><b>Short-Liquor Dyeing:</b> A term used to describe any yarn or piece dyeing in which the liquor ration has been significantly reduced. The technique was designed to save water and energy.<br />
<br /><b>Skein Dyeing:</b> The dyeing of yarn in the form of skeins, or hanks.<br />
<br /><b>Solution Dyeing:</b> See DYEING, Mass-Colored.<br />
<br /><b>Solvent Dyeing:</b> A dyeing method based on solubility of a dye in some liquid other than water, although water may be present in the dye bath.<br />
<br /><b>Space Dyeing:</b> A yarn-dyeing process in which each strand is dyed with more that one color at irregular intervals. Space dyeing produces an effect of unorganized design in subsequent fabric form. The two primary methods are knit-De-knit and warp printing.<br />
<br /><b>Spun-Dyed:</b> See DYEING, Mass- Colored.<br />
<br /><b>Stock Dyeing:</b> The dyeing of fibers in staple form.<br />
<br /><b>Thermal Fixation:</b> A process for dyeing polyester whereby the color is diffused into the fiber by means of dry heat.<br />
<br /><b>Union Dyeing:</b> A method of dyeing a fabric containing two or more fibers or yarns to the same shade so as to achieve the appearance of a solid colored fabric.<br />
<br /><b>Yarn Dyeing:</b> The dyeing of yarn before the fabric is woven or knit. Yarn can be dyed in the form of skeins, muff, packages, cheeses, cakes, chain-wraps, and beams.</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-20373939444272861102013-03-22T01:24:00.000-07:002013-03-22T01:24:03.116-07:00What Is Dyes or Dye/Classicification Of Dyes or Dye<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>DYES</b>: Substances that add color to textiles. They are incorporated into the fiber by chemical reaction, absorption, or dispersion. Dyes differ in their resistance to sunlight, perspiration,washing, gas, alkalies, and other agents; their affinity for different fibers; their reaction to cleaning agents and methods; and their solubility and method of application.<br />
<br />
<b>Types Of Dye or Dyes</b>:<br /><b>Acid Dyes:</b> A class of dyes used on wool, other animal fibers, and some manufactured fibers.Acid dyes are seldom used on cotton or linen since this process requires a mordant. Acid dyes are widely used on nylon when high washfastness is required. In some cases,even higher washfastness can be obtained by aftertreatment with fixatives.<br />
<br /><b>Aniline Dyes:</b> Dyes derived chemically from aniline or other coal tar derivatives. Anthraquinone Dyes: Dyes that have anthraquinone as their base and the carbonyl group<br />(>C=O) as the chromophore. Anthraquinone-based dyes are found in most of the synthetic dye classes.<br />
<br /><b>Azo Dyes:</b> Dyes characterized by the presence of an azo group (-N=N-) as the chromophore.Azo dyes are found in many of the synthetic dye classes.<br />
<br /><b>Azoic Dyes:</b> See DYES, Naphthol Dyes.<br />
<br /><b>Basic Dyes:</b> A class of positive-ion-carrying dyes known for their brilliant hues.Basic dyes are composed of large-molecule, water-soluble salts that have a direct affinity for wool and silk and can be applied to cotton with a mordant. The fastness of basic dyes on these fibers is very poor.Basic dyes are also used on basic-dyeable acrylics, modacrylics, nylons, and polyesters, on which they exhibit reasonably good fastness.<br />
<br /><b>Cationic Dyes:</b> See DYES, Basic Dyes.<br />
<br /><b>Developed Dyes:</b> Dyes that are formed by the use of a developer. The substrate is first dyed in a neutral solution with a dye base, usually colorless. The dye is then diazotized with sodium nitrate and an acid and afterwards treated with a solution of B-naphthol, or a similar substance, which is the developer. Direct dyes are developed to produce a different shade or to improve washfastness or lightfastness.<br />
<br /><b>Direct Dyes:</b> A class of dyestuffs that are applied directly to the substrate in a neutral or alkaline bath. They produce full shades on cotton and linen without mordanting and can also be applied to rayon, silk, and wool. Direct dyes give bright shades but exhibit poor washfastness. Various aftertreatments are used to improve the washfastness of direct dyes, and such dyes are referred to as “aftertreated direct colors.”<br />
<br /><b>Disperse Dyes:</b> A class of slightly water-soluble dyes originally introduced for dyeing acetate and usually applied from fine aqueous suspensions. Disperse dyes are widely used for dyeing most of the manufactured fibers.<br />
<br /><b>Fiber-Reactive Dyes:</b> A type of water-soluble anionic dye having affinity for cellulose fibers. In the presence of alkali, they react with hydroxyl groups in the cellulose and thus are liked with the fiber. Fiber-reactive dyes are relatively new dyes and are used extensively on cellulose when bright shades are desired.<br />
<br /><b>Gel Dyeing:</b> Passing a wet-spun fiber that is in the gel state (not yet at full crystallinity or orientation) through a dyebath containing dye with affinity for the fiber. This process provides good accessibility of the dye sites.<br />
<br /><b>Macromolecular Dyes:</b> A group of inherently colored polymers. They are useful both as polymers and as dyes with high color yield. The chromophores fit the recognized CI classes, i.e., azo, anthraquinone, etc., although not all CI classes are represented. Used for mass dyeing, hair dyes, writing inks, etc.<br />
<br /><b>Metallized Dyes:</b> A class of dyes that have metals in their molecular structure.They are applied from an acid bath.<br />
<br /><b>Naphthol Dyes:</b> A type of azo compound formed on the fiber by first treating the fiber with a phenolic compound. The fiber is then immersed in a second solution containing a diazonuim salt that reacts with the phenilic compound to produce a colored azo compound.Since the phenolic compound is dissolved in caustic solution, these dyes are mainly used for cellulose fiber, although other fibers can be dyed by modifying the process. (Also see DYES, Developed Dyes.)<br />
<br /><b>Premetallized Dyes:</b> Acid dyes that are treated with coordinating metals such as chromium. This type of dye has much better wetfastness than regular acid dye. Premetallized dyes are used on nylon, silk, and wool.<br />
<br /><b>Sulfur Dyes:</b> A class of water-insoluble dyes that are applied in a soluble, reduced form from a sodium sulfide solution and are then reoxidized to the insoluble form on the fiber. Sulfur dyes are mainly used on cotton for economical dark shades of moderate to good fastness to washing and light. They generally give very poor fastness to chlorine.<br />
<br /><b>Vat Dyes:</b> A class of water-insoluble dyes which are applied to the fiber in a reduced, soluble form (leuco compound) and then reoxidized to the original insoluble form. Vat dyes are among the most resistant dyes to both washing and sunlight. They are widely used on cotton, linen rayon, and other cellulosic fibers.</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-43037954465711655322013-03-21T10:42:00.001-07:002013-03-21T10:42:10.773-07:00Preparation Of Viva/Interview Questions Sample/Answers Of HR Interview Questions<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Answers Of HR Interview Questions</span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Tell me about yourself ?</b><br />I’m Md. Mominul Islam,son of Md. Tobarok Hossain and Begum Momotaj Hossain. My father is a businessman and he have his family business in our permanent address and my mother is a doctor of a gov’t hospital. I have completed my HSC from Notre Dame College and SSC from Cantonment Public School, Rangpur. And now I’m here to get a job and start my career here.<br /><br /><b>Why should I hire you ?</b><br />I can assure u that I will try my best to fulfill my duty more than any other candidate.<br /><br /><b>What are your strengths and weaknesses ?</b><br />My strength is my thinking ability and I never lie and my weakness is I am a little bit lazy sometimes.<br /><br /><b>Why do you want to work at our company ?</b><br />I want to work in your company because I have heard that this company has a reputation of fulfilling the demands of the employees if they do their job honestly and properly.</span></div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-53961023873134425002013-03-21T10:31:00.001-07:002013-03-21T10:31:34.449-07:00Fabric Manufacturing Technology Related Viva-1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>What Is Knitting ?</b><br />It id the process of producing fabric by transferring continuous yarns into interlocking loops,each row of loops hanging from the one immediately preceding it.<br /><br /><b>What are the types of Knitting ?</b><br />01. Weft Knitting and 02. Warp Knitting<br /><br /><b>How many sets of yarn are used in Knitting ?</b><br />One(1) Sets yarns(Weft or Warp).<br /><br /><b>How many sets of yarn are used in Weaving ?</b><br />Two sets(Weft and Warp).<br /><br /><b>Is sizing required in knitting fabric ?</b><br />No.<br /><br /><b>What is Weaving ?</b><br />It is the process of interlacing two sets of yarns namely warp and weft at right angle to make a fabric according to design.<br /><br /><b>Is Yarn preparation needed in knitting ?</b><br />No.<br /><br /><b>Is knitting fabric produced by inter looping ?</b><br />Yes.<br /><br /><b>Is weaving fabric produced by interlacing ?</b><br />Yes.<br /><br /><b>In which knitting a fabric is produced by single Yarn ?</b><br />Weft Knitting.<br /><br /><b>What is face loop ?</b><br />The loop where heads are staying below and hanks are staying above is called face loop.</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-70664991860788853812013-03-21T07:53:00.000-07:002013-03-21T09:53:07.250-07:00Textile Dictionary-A(Letter)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">A</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-bletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">B</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-cletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">C</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-dletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">D</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-eletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">E</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-fletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">F</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-gletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">G</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-hletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">H</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-iletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">I</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-jletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">J</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-kletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">K</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter_20.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">L</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">M</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-nletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">N </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-oletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">O</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-pletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">P</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-qletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Q</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-rletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">R </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-sletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">S</span></a> <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-tletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><u>T</u></span></a></span> </span><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-uletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">U</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-vletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">V</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-wletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">W</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-xletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">X</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-yletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Y</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Z</span></a></span><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span></b><br />
<br />
<b>Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-A</b><br />
<b>ABNORMAL CRIMP:</b> A relative term for crimp that is either too low or too high in frequency and/or amplitude or that has been put into the fiber with improper angular characteristics.<br />
<br />
<b>ABRADED YARN:</b> A filament yarn in which filaments have been cut or broken to create<br />
hairiness (fibrillation) to simulate the surface character of spun yarns. Abraded yarns are usually plied or twisted with other yarns before use.<br />
<br />
<b>ABRASION MARK:</b> An area where a fabric has been damaged by friction.<br />
<br />
<b>ABRASION RESISTANCE:</b> The ability of a fiber or fabric to withstand surface wear and<br />
rubbing.<br />
<br />
<b>ABSORBANCE</b>: The ability of a substance to transform radiant energy into a different form,usually with a resulting rise in temperature. Mathematically, absorbance is the negative logarithm to the base 10 of transmittance.<br />
<br />
<b>ABSORBENCY</b>: The ability of one material to take up another material.<br />
<br />
<b>ABSORPTION</b>: The process of gases or liquids being taken up into the pores of a fiber, yarn, or fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>ACCELERANT</b>: A chemical used to speed up chemical or other processes. For example,<br />
accelerants are used in dyeing triacetate and polyester fabrics.<br />
<br />
<b>ACETIC ACID:</b> An organic acid (CH3COOH) widely used in textile applications. It is used in textile wet processing, dyeing and printing, and in the manufacture of cellulose acetate and cellulose triacetate.<br />
<br />
<b>ACETIC ANHYDRIDE:</b> Anhydrous acetic acid [(CH3CO)2O]. It is used in the acetylation<br />
process in the manufacture of cellulose acetate.<br />
<br />
<b>ACETONE:</b> Dimethyl ketone (CH3COCH3). One of the most powerful organic solvents.<br />
Acetone dissolves secondary cellulose acetate and other derivatives of cellulose. It is miscible with water and has a low boiling point (55-56°C).<br />
<br />
<b>ACETONE RECOVERY:</b> A process for reclaiming the acetone solvent from acetate fiber or plastics manufacture. Usually the recovery process consists of adsorption by activated carbon and re-distillation.<br />
<br />
<b>ACETYL</b>: The radical (CH3CO-) of acetic acid.<br />
<br />
<b>ACETYLATION</b>: A chemical reaction whereby the acetyl radical is introduced into a<br />
compound, as in the conversion of cellulose to cellulose acetate.<br />
<br />
<b>ACETYL VALUE:</b> A measure of the degree of esterification or combination of acetyl radicals with cellulose in acetate or triacetate products.<br />
<br />
<b>ACID-DYEABLE VARIANTS:</b> Polymers modified chemically to make them receptive to acid dyes.<br />
<br />
<b>ACIDIC</b>: A term describing a material having a pH of less than 7.0 in water.<br />
<br />
<b>ACID RECOVERY:</b> A reclamation process in chemical processing in which acid is extracted from a raw material, by-product, or waste product. In the manufacture of cellulose acetate, acetic acid is a major by-product. Acid recovery consists of combining all wash water containing appreciable acetic acid and concentrating it to obtain glacial acetic acid.<br />
<br />
<b>ACID RESISTANCE:</b> The property of withstanding contact or treatment with any acids<br />
normally encountered in use. The type of acid should be stated (i.e., organic or inorganic).<br />
<br />
<b>ACRYLIC FIBER:</b> A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of acrylonitrile units [-CH2-CH(CN)-](FTC definition). Acrylic fibers are produced by two basic methods of spinning (extrusion), dry and wet. In the dry spinning method, material to be spun is dissolved is a solvent. After extrusion through the spinneret, the solvent is evaporated, producing continuous filaments which later may be cut into staple, if desired. In wet spinning, the spinning solution is extruded into a liquid coagulating bath to form filaments, which are drawn, dried, and processed.<br />
<br />
<b>ACRYLIC RESIN:</b> A polymer of acrylonitrile, used in the production of manufactured fibers, as a fabric finish and as a size.<br />
<br />
<b>ACRYLONITRILE:</b> A colorless, volatile, flammable liquid (CH2=CHCN) used as a raw<br />
material in the manufacture of acrylic polymers and fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>ACTION STRETCH:</b> A term applied to fabrics and garments that give and recover in both the lengthwise and the widthwise directions. Action stretch is ideal for tight-fitting garments such as ski pants.<br />
<br />
<b>ADHESIVE ACTIVATED YARNS:</b> Yarns treated by the fiber manufacturer to promote betteradhesion to another material such as rubber and/or to allow easier processing.<br />
<br />
<b>ADHESIVE MIGRATION:</b> In nonwovens, the movement of adhesive together with its carrier solvent in a fabric during drying, giving it a non-uniform distribution within the web, usually increasing to the outer layers.<br />
<br />
<b>ADHESIVES</b>: In textiles, materials which cause fibers, yarns, or fabrics to stick together or to other materials.<br />
<br />
<b>ADIPIC ACID:</b> 1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid [COOH(CH2)4COOH]. It is used in the<br />
polymerization reaction to form nylon 66 polymers and in the manufacture of polyurethane foams.<br />
<br />
<b>ADSORPTION</b>: The attraction of gases, liquids, or solids to surface areas of textile fibers, yarns,fabrics, or any material.<br />
<br />
<b>ADVANCED COMPOSITE:</b> Polymer, resin, or other matrix-material system in which<br />
reinforcement is accomplished via high-strength, high-modulus materials in continuous filament form or is discontinuous form such as staple fibers, fibrets, and in-situ dispersions.<br />
<br />
<b>AESTHETICS</b>: In textiles, properties perceived by touch and sight, such as the hand, color, luster, drape, and texture of fabrics or garments.<br />
<br />
<b>AFFINITY</b>: Chemical attraction; the tendency of two elements or substances to unite or<br />
combine, such as fiber and dyestuff.<br />
<br />
<b>AFTERGLOW</b>: The flameless, glowing combustion of certain solid materials that occurs after the removal of an external source of ignition or after the cessation of combustion of the material.<br />
<br />
<b>AFTERTREATMENT:</b> Any treatment done after fabric production. In dyeing, it refers to<br />
treating dyed material in ways to improve properties; in nonwovens, it refers to finishing<br />
processes carried out after a web has been formed and bonded. Examples are embossing, creping, softening, printing, and dyeing.<br />
<br />
<b>AGER</b>: A steam chamber used for ageing printed or padded material.<br />
<br />
<b>AGGLOMERATION</b>: A cluster of particles or fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>AGITATE</b>: To stir or to mix, as in the case of a dyebath or solution.<br />
<br />
<b>AIR BAG:</b> An automatically inflating bag in front of riders in an automobile to protect them from pitching forward in an accident. End use for manufactured textile fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>AIR BRUSHING:</b> Blowing color on a fabric or paper with a mechanized pneumatic brush.<br />
<br />
<b>AIR CONDITIONING:</b> 1. A chemical process for sealing short, fuzzy fibers into a yarn.<br />
Fabrics made from air-conditioned yarns are porous. Because they allow more air circulation, these fabrics are also cooler. 2. Control of temperature and/or humidity in work or living space.<br />
<br />
<b>AIR FORMING:</b> A process in which air is used to separate and move fibers to fashion a web such as the Kroyer® process for short fibers, usually of wood pulp; or the Rando-Webber process for staple-length fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>AIR JET SPINNING:</b> A spinning system in which yarn is made by wrapping fibers around a core stream of fibers with compressed air. In this process, the fibers are drafted to appropriate sliver size, then fed to the air jet chambers where they are twisted, first in one direction, then in the reverse direction in a second chamber. They are stabilized after each twisting operation.<br />
<br />
<b>AIR-LAID NONWOVENS: </b>Fabrics made by an air-forming process (q.v.). The fibers are<br />
distributed by air currents to give a random orientation within the web and a fabric with isotropic properties.<br />
<br />
<b>AIR PERMEABILITY:</b> The porosity or the ease with which air passes through material. Air permeability determines such factors as the wind resistance of sailcloth, the air resistance of parachute cloth, and the efficacy of various types of air filters. It also influences the warmth or coolness of a fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>AIRPLANE FABRIC:</b> A plain, tightly woven, water-repellent fabric traditionally made of<br />
mercerized cotton. During World War I, the fabric was treated with a cellulose acetate dope and used to cover the wings, tail, and fuselage of airplanes. Today, similar fabrics made from nylon or polyester/cotton blends are used in rainwear and sportswear.<br />
<br />
<b>AIR-SUPPORTED ROOF:</b> A fabric-based roofing system that is supported and held in place by air pressure.<br />
<br />
<b>ALBATROSS:</b> A soft, lightweight wool or wool blend fabric in a plain weave with a napped,fleecy surface that resembles in texture, the breast of the albatross. It is usually light-colored and is used in negligees, infants’ wear, etc.<br />
<br />
<b>ALGINATE FIBER:</b> Fiber formed from a metallic salt (normally calcium) of alginic acid,<br />
which is a natural polymer occurring in seaweed. Alginate fiber is soluble in water.<br />
<br />
<b>ALKALINE</b>: A term used to describe a material having a pH greater than 7.0 in water.<br />
<br />
<b>ALKYLATION</b>: The introduction of an alkyl radical into an organic molecule.<br />
<br />
<b>ALLOY</b>: A solid or liquid mixture of two or more metals; or of one or more metals with certain nonmetallic elements formed by fusing the components.<br />
<br />
<b>ALPACA</b>: 1. Long, fine hair from Alpaca sheep. 2. A fabric from alpaca fibers or blends,<br />
(originally a cotton cloth with alpaca filling) that is used for dresses, coats, suits, and sweaters. It is also used as a pile lining for jackets and coats. (The term has been incorrectly used to describe a rayon fabric.)<br />
<br />
<b>ALPACA STITCH:</b> A 1 x 1 purl-links stitch that is knit so that the courses run vertically instead of horizontally as the fabric comes off the knitting machine. A garment made with an alpaca stitch is not always 100% alpaca; it can be made of other natural or manufactured fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>ALPHA CELLULOSE:</b> One of three forms of cellulose. Alpha cellulose has the highest degree of polymerization and is the chief constituent of paper pulp and chemical dissolving-grade pulp.<br />
<br />
<b>ALSIMAG</b>: Registered trademark of American Lava Corporation for ceramic materials. These materials are used in guides and discs on textile processing machines<br />
and fiber manufacturing equipment.<br />
<br />
<b>ALTERNATING TWIST:</b> A texturing procedure in which S and Z twist are alternately inserted in the yarn by means of a special heating arrangement.<br />
<br />
<b>AMINE END GROUP:</b> The terminating (-NH2) group of a nylon polymer chain. Amine end groups provide dye sites for polyamides.<br />
<br />
<b>AMORPHOUS</b>: Noncrystalline, lacking regular geometrical shape. Used to describe certain regions in polymers.<br />
<br />
<b>ANIDEX FIBER:</b> A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 50% by weight of one or more esters of a monohydric alcohol and acrylic acid, (CH2=CH-COOH) (FTC definition).<br />
<br />
<b>ANIMAL FIBERS:</b> Fibers of animal origin such as wool, alpaca, camel hair, and silk.<br />
<br />
<b>ANION</b>: A negatively charged ion.<br />
<br />
<b>ANISOTROPIC</b>: Not having the same physical properties in every direction. In the plane of a fabric, it is related to a non-random distribution of fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>ANTIBACTERIAL FINISH:</b> A treatment of a textile material to make it resistant to, or to<br />
retard growth of, bacteria.<br />
<br />
<b>ANTICHLOR</b>: A chemical, such as sodium thiosulfate, used to remove excess chlorine after bleaching.<br />
<br />
<b>ANTIFELTING AGENTS:</b> Products that prevent or minimize matting and compaction of<br />
textile materials.<br />
<br />
<b>ANTIFOAMING AGENT:</b> An additive that minimizes the formation of bubbles within or on the surface of a liquid by reducing the forces that support the bubble’s structure.<br />
<br />
<b>ANTIOXIDANT</b>: A substance to retard deterioration (of fiber, fabrics, finishes, etc.) resulting from reaction with oxygen.<br />
<br />
<b>ANTISOILING PROPERTIES:</b> The properties of textile materials whereby they resist<br />
deposition of dirt and stains.<br />
<br />
<b>ANTISTAINING PROPERTIES:</b> The ability of a textile to resist the deposition of oil- or<br />
water-borne stains.<br />
<br />
<b>ANTISTATIC AGENT:</b> A reagent capable of preventing, reducing, or dissipating static<br />
electrical charges that may be produced on textile materials.<br />
<br />
<b>ANTISTATIC PROPERTIES:</b> The ability of a textile material to disperse an electrostatic<br />
charge and to prevent the build up of static electricity.<br />
<br />
<b>APPLIQUE</b>: A design made separately and then sewn on a cloth or garment.<br />
<br />
<b>ARACHNE MACHINE:</b> A machine for producing loop-bonded nonwovens. The fabric is<br />
formed by knitting a series of warp yarns through a fiber web processed on a card. <br />
<br />
<b>ARGYLE</b>: A pattern consisting of diamond shapes of different colors knit in a fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>ARTIFICIAL TURF:</b> A manufactured carpet having the appearance of grass. Used to replace grass in sports arenas, yards, etc.<br />
<br />
<b>ART LINEN:</b> A plain-weave, softly finished fabric used either bleached or unbleached as a base fabric for needlework.<br />
<br />
<b>ASBESTOS</b>: A nonmetallic mineral fiber, which is nonflammable. The fiber is woven into<br />
fabrics and used for theater curtains and industrial uses where flame-resistant materials are needed.<br />
<br />
<b>ASPECT RATIO:</b> 1. The ratio of length to diameter of a fiber or yarn bundle. 2. In tire<br />
production, the ratio of the height of the tire to its width. 3. In a rectangular structure, the ratio of the longer dimension to the shorter.<br />
<br />
<b>ASTRAKHAN CLOTH:</b> A thick knit or woven fabric with loops or curls on the face. The base yarns are usually cotton or wool and the loops are made with fibers such as mohair, wool, and certain manufactured fibers. The face simulated the pelt of the astrakhan lamb.<br />
<br />
<b>ATACTIC POLYMER:</b> A type of polymer molecule in which substituent groups or atoms are arranged randomly above and below the backbone chain of atoms, when the latter are all in the same plane (e.g., in polypropylene).<br />
<br />
<b>ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS:</b> In general, the relative humidity, barometric pressure, and temperature existing at a given time.<br />
<br />
<b>AVERAGE STIFFNESS:</b> The ratio of change in stress to change in strain between two points on a stress-strain diagram, particularly the points of zero stress and breaking stress.<br />
<br />
<b>AXIAL YARN:</b> A system of longitudinal yarns in a triaxial braid that are inserted between bias yarns.<br />
<br />
<b>AXMINSTER CARPET:</b> A machine-woven carpet in which successive weft-wise rows of pile are inserted during weaving according to a predetermined arrangement of colors. There are four main types of Axminster looms: Spool, Gripper, Gripper-Spool, and Chenille.<br />
<br />
<b>AZLON FIBER:</b> A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance consists of any regenerated naturally occurring proteins (FTC definition). Azlon is not currently produced in the United States.</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-87503438426816226322013-03-21T07:35:00.001-07:002013-03-21T09:53:14.745-07:00Textile Dictionary-B(Letter)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: large;"></span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">A</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-bletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">B</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-cletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">C</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-dletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">D</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-eletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">E</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-fletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">F</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-gletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">G</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-hletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">H</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-iletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">I</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-jletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">J</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-kletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">K</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter_20.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">L</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">M</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-nletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">N </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-oletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">O</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-pletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">P</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-qletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Q</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-rletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">R </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-sletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">S</span></a> <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-tletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><u>T</u></span></a></span> </span><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-uletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">U</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-vletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">V</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-wletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">W</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-xletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">X</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-yletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Y</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Z</span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"></span></a>
</span></b>
<br />
<b>Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-B</b><br />
<b>BACKCOATING</b>: The application of latex or adhesive to the back of a carpet to anchor the tufts, usually followed immediately by addition of a secondary backing material such as woven jute or nonwoven polypropylene.<br />
<br />
<b>BACKED CLOTH:</b> A material with an extra warp or filling added for weight and warmth.<br />
Satin-weave and twill-weave constructions are frequently used in the design of backed cloth because they are relatively resistant to the passage of air.<br />
<br />
<b>BACKFILLING:</b> A solution composed of varying amounts of cornstarch, China clay, talc, and tallow that is applied to the back side of low-grade, low-cost cloth to change its <br />
hand, improve its appearance, and increase its weight.<br />
<br />
<b>BACKING</b>: 1. A general term for any system of yarn which interlaces on the back of a textile material. 2. A knit or woven fabric or plastic foam bonded to a face fabric. 3. A <br />
knot or woven fabric bonded to a vinyl or other plastic sheet material. 4. See CARPET <br />
BACKING.<br />
<br />
<b>BACK WARP:</b> The warp which, along with the back filling, actually forms the second face<br />
(back) of double, triple, or quadruple fabrics.<br />
<br />
<b>BACKWINDING</b>: 1. Rewinding yarn or fiber from one type of package to another.2.<br />
Winding yarn as it is deknit.<br />
<br />
<b>BACTERICIDAL FIBER</b>: Fiber used for medical applications, socks, shoe liners,etc., in which bactericides are introduced directly into the fiber matrix as opposed to fiber simply having a bactericidal finish applied.<br />
<br />
<b>BAGGING</b>: 1. A fabric woven in cylindrical or tubular form on an ordinary cam loom and used for grain bags, etc. 2. Fabric bulging caused by extension at the knees, elbows,etc., of a garment lacking dimensional stability.<br />
<br />
<b>BAGGY CLOTH:</b> A fabric that does not lie flat, caused by sections of tight or loose yarns in either the warp or the filling.<br />
<br />
<b>BALANCED CLOTH:</b> A term describing a woven fabric with the same size yarn and the same number of threads per inch in both the warp and the filling direction.<br />
<br />
<b>BALANCED TWISTS:</b> In a plied yarn or cord, an arrangement of twist which will not cause the yarn or cord to twist on itself of kink when held in an open loop.<br />
<br />
<b>BALE</b>: A bag, sack, square or oblong box, or package into which silk, staple fibers,or tow are compressed. The common shipping and storage package for these fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>BALLING UP</b>: A defect in which loose or frayed fibers form into a ball and are then woven into the fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>BALL MILL:</b> A standard method of reducing water-insoluble substances such as pigments or dyestuffs to a fine state of division. It consists of a cylinder, rotating on an axis,partly filled with steel balls, porcelain balls, or common pebbles. The controlling factors are size of balls, relative volumes occupied by balls and substance, type and quality of substance, and rate and time of rotation.<br />
<br />
<b>BALLOON</b>: The curved paths of running yarns about the take-up package during spinning, downtwisting, plying, or winding, or while they are being withdrawn over-end from packages under appropriate yarnwindingconditions.<br />
<br />
<b>BANDLE</b>: A coarse homespun linen made on narrow hand looms in Ireland.<br />
<br />
<b>BANK</b>: Another name for a yarn creel.<br />
<br />
<b>BARATHEA</b>: 1. A silk, rayon, or manufactured fiber necktie fabric with a broken rib weave and a characteristic pebbly appearance. 2. A fine, dress fabric with a silk warp and <br />
worsted filling,woven in a broken filling rib which completely covers the warp. 3. A smooth-faced worsted uniform cloth with an indistinct twilled basket weave of fine two-ply yarns.<br />
<br />
<b>BAR CODE:</b> Adjacent stripes of varying width used to represent alpha-numeric characters. These permit rapid reading by means of electronic scanners.<br />
<br />
<b>BARKING</b>: The removal of bark from wood prior to pulping.<br />
<br />
<b>BARRE</b>: A defect characterized by bars or streaks, fillingwise in woven fabrics or coursewise in weft-knit fabrics, caused by uneven tension in knitting, defective yarn, improper needle action, or other similar factors.<br />
<br />
<b>BASE FABRIC:</b> In coated fabrics, the underlying substrate (q.v.).<br />
<br />
<b>BASIC</b>: A term describing substances having an alkaline nature. Bases may or may not be water soluble.<br />
<br />
<b>BASIS WEIGHT:</b> The weight of a unit area of fabric. Examples are ounces per square yard and grams per square centimeter.<br />
<br />
<b>BASKET STITCH</b>: In this knit construction, purl and plain loops are combined with a preponderance of purl loops in the pattern courses to give a basket-weave effect.<br />
<br />
<b>BASKET WEAVE:</b> A variation of the plain weave in which two or more warp and filling threads are woven side by side to resemble a plaited basket. Fabrics have a loose construction and a flat appearance and are used for such things as monk’s cloth and drapery fabrics.<br />
<br />
<b>BAST FIBER:</b> Any of certain strong, woody fibers used in making rope, cordage etc.<br />
<br />
<b>BATHROBE BLANKETING:</b> A double-faced fabric woven with a tightly twisted spun warp and two sets of soft spun filling yarns. The fabric is thick and warm and its filling yarns are frequently napped to produce a soft surface. Today’s blankets are made of spun polyester, acrylic, or polyester/cotton blends.<br />
<br />
<b>BATISTE</b>: 1. A sheer, woven, mercerized fabric of combed cotton or polyester/cotton<br />
resembling nainsook, only finer, with a lengthwise streak. 2. A rayon fabric decorated with dobby woven striped and Jacquard florals. 3. A smooth, fine, woven fabric, lighter <br />
that challis and very similar to nun’s veiling.<br />
<br />
<b>BATTING</b>: A soft, bulky assembly of fibers, usually carded. Battings are sold in sheets or rolls and used for warm interlinings, comforter stuffings, and other thermal or resiliency applications.<br />
<br />
<b>BAYARDERE</b>: A very broad term for stripes that run crosswise in a knit or woven fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>BCF YARNS:</b> Bulked continuous filament yarns for carpet trade, usually nylon, polypropylene, or polyester.<br />
<br />
<b>BEADED VELVET:</b> Velvet with a cut-out pattern or a velvet pile effect, made on a Jacquard loom. This fabric is used primarily for evening wear.<br />
<br />
<b>BEAM</b>: A cylinder of wood or metal, usually with a circular flange on each end, on which warp yarns are wound for slashing, weaving, and warp knitting.<br />
<br />
<b>BEAM DYEING MACHINE:</b> A machine for dyeing warp yarns or fabrics that have been<br />
wound onto a special beam, the barrel of which is evenly perforated with holes.The dye liquor is forced through the yarn or fabric from inside to outside and vice versa.<br />
<br />
<b>BEAMING</b>: The operation of winding warp yarns onto a beam usually in preparation for slashing, weaving, or warp knitting.Also called warping.<br />
<br />
<b>BEARDING</b>: Fuzz on loop pile carpets usually resulting from poor anchorage or fiber snagging.<br />
<br />
<b>BEATER</b>: 1. The machine which does most of the opening and cleaning work on a fiber picker and opener. Revolving at high speed, it beats against the fringe of fiber as the <br />
latter is fed into the machine. 2. A machine used in the paper industry for opening pulp and combining additives.<br />
<br />
<b>BEATING-UP:</b> The last operation of the loom in weaving, in which the last pick inserted in the fabric is “beat” into position against the preceeding picks.<br />
<br />
<b>BEAVER CLOTH:</b> Made of high-quality wool, this heavy but soft fabric has a deep nap.<br />
Beaver cloth is frequently used in overcoats.<br />
<br />
<b>BECK</b>: A vessel for dyeing fabric in rope form, consisting primarily of a tank and a reel to advance the fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>BEDFORD CORD:</b> A rib-weave fabric with raised lengthwise cords produced by using stuffing threads in the warp. Since the fabric is strong and wears well, it is used for upholstery, suits, riding habits, and work clothes.<br />
<br />
<b>BEETLING:</b> A process in which round-thread linen or cotton fabric is pounded to give a flat effect. Beetled linen damask has an increased luster and a leather-like texture. Beetling is also used to give a thready or linen-like appearance to cotton.<br />
<br />
<b>BENDING LENGTH:</b> A measure of fabric stiffness based on how the fabric bends in one plane under the force of gravity.<br />
<br />
<b>BENDING MODULUS:</b> Maximum stress per unit area that a specimen can withstand without breaking when bent. For fibers, the stress per unit of linear fiber weight required to produce a specified deflection of a fiber.<br />
<br />
<b>BENGALINE</b>: A fabric similar to faille, only heavier, with a fine weave and widthwise cords.Originally, bengalines were made of a silk, wool, or rayon warp with a worsted or <br />
cotton filling and used for dresses, coats, trimmings, and draperies. Modern bengalines are made with filament acetate or polyester warps. Also, some bengalines have fine spun warps with 2-and 3-ply heavier spun yarns for filling cord effects.<br />
<br />
<b>BENZENE</b>: A volatile, flammable, colorless liquid hydrocarbon, (C6H6), used as an illuminant, a solvent for fats and resins, a raw material in dye synthesis, and the hydrocarbon source for many manufactured fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>BENZOATE FIBER</b>: Fiber with a silk-like hand made from a condensation polymer of p-(Bhydroxyethoxy) benzoic acid.<br />
<br />
<b>BETA CELLULOSE:</b> One of the three forms of cellulose. It has a lower degree of polymerization that the alpha form. With gamma cellulose it is known as hemicellulose.<br />
<br />
<b>BIAS FABRIC:</b> A two-dimensional fabric that when oriented in the XY plane contains fibers that are aligned in a different direction, i.e., 45° to the X-axis fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>BIAS FILLING:</b> A fabric defect in which the filling yarn does not run at a right angle to the warp. The principal cause is improper processing on the tenter frame.<br />
<br />
<b>BICOMPONENT YARNS:</b> Spun or filament yarns of two generic fibers or two variants of the same generic fiber.<br />
<br />
<b>BICONSTITUENT FIBER:</b> A fiber extruded from a homogeneous mixture of two different<br />
polymers. Such fibers combine the characteristics of the two polymers into a single fiber.<br />
<br />
<b>BIDIRECTIONAL FABRIC:</b> A fabric having reinforcing fibers in two directions, i.e., in the warp (machine) direction and filling (cross-machine) direction.<br />
<br />
<b>BILATERAL FIBERS</b>: Two generic fibers or variants of the same generic fiber extruded in a side-by-side relationship.<br />
<br />
<b>BINDER:</b> An adhesive applied with a solvent or a softenable plastic melted to bond fibers together in a web or to bind one web to another.<br />
<br />
<b>BINDER CONTENT:</b> The weight of adhesive used to bond the fibers of a web together. Usually expressed as percent of fabric weight.<br />
<br />
<b>BINDER FIBERS: </b>Fibers that can act as an adhesive in a web because their softening point is relatively low compared with that of the other fibers in the material.<br />
<br />
<b>BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (B.O.D.):</b> A standard test for estimating the degree of contamination of water supplies. It is expressed as the quantity of dissolved <br />
oxygen (in mg/liter) required during stabilization of the decomposable organic matter by aerobic biochemical action.<br />
<br />
<b>BIODEGRADABLE</b>: The ability of a substance to be broken down by bacteria so that it can be returned to the environment without posing an environmental hazard.<br />
<br />
<b>BIRDSEYE</b>: 1. A generic term describing a cloth woven on a dobby loom, with a geometric pattern having a center dot resembling a bird’s eye. Originally birdseye was made of cotton and used as a diaper cloth because of its absorbent qualities, but now the weave is made from a variety of fibers or fiber blends for many different end uses. 2. A speckled effect on the back of a knit fabric resulting from the use of different colors on the face design.<br />
<br />
<b>BIREFRINGENCE:</b> An optical term meaning double refraction, and used in examination of manufactured fibers to measure the degree of molecular orientation effected by stretching or drawing.<br />
<br />
<b>BLANKET</b>: An unquilted bedding fabric designed primarily to provide thermal insulation.<br />
<br />
<b>BLEACHING</b>: Any of several processes to remove the natural and artificial impurities in fabrics to obtain clear whites for finished fabric or in preparation for dyeing and finishing.<br />
<br />
<b>BLEB</b>: A blister or bubble on the face of a spinning jet, interrupting the extrusion of the filament from the spinneret hole involved.<br />
<br />
<b>BLEB RATE:</b> The frequency of bleb formation in an extrusion operation.<br />
<br />
<b>BLEEDING</b>: Loss of color by a fabric or yarn when immersed in water, a solvent,or a similar liquid medium, as a result of improper dyeing or the use of dyes of poor quality. <br />
Fabrics that bleed can cause staining of white or light shade fabrics in contact with them while wet.<br />
<br />
<b>BLEND</b>: 1. A yarn obtained when two or more staple fibers are combined in a textile process for producing spun yarns (e.g., at opening, carding, or drawing). 2. A fabric that <br />
contains a blended yarn (of the same fiber content) in the warp and filling.<br />
<br />
<b>BLENDING</b>: The combining of staple fibers of different physical characteristics to assure a uniform distribution of these fibers throughout the yarn.<br />
<br />
<b>BLINDING</b>: Loss of luster of fibers after wet processing.<br />
<br />
<b>BLISTER</b>: A bulge resulting from separation of coating or laminating material from the base fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>BLOOM</b>: The appearance of brightness of a dyed fabric when the fabric is viewed across the top while held at eye level.<br />
<br />
<b>BOARDY</b>: A term used to describe a fabric with a very stiff hand.<br />
<b>BOBBIN</b>: A cylindrical or slightly tapered barrel, with or without flanges, for holding slubbings, rovings, or yarns.<br />
<br />
<b>BOBTEX ICS YARN SYSTEM: </b>A process for producing a simulated spun yarn by<br />
embedding individual fibers in a thermoplastic or adhesive coating on a filament yarn.<br />
<b>BODY</b>: The compact, solid, or firm feel of a fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>BOILING WATER SHRINKAGE:</b> A test designed to measure shrinkage in a cord,yarn, or<br />
high-shrinkage fiber when it is immersed in boiling water while under a tension of 0.05<br />
grams/denier.<br />
<br />
<b>BOLT</b>: A roll or piece of fabric of varying length.<br />
<br />
<b>BONDED FABRIC:</b> 1. A fabric containing two or more layers of cloth joined together with resin, rubber, foam, or adhesive to form one ply. 2. See NONWOVEN FABRIC.<br />
<br />
<b>BONDING</b>: 1. A process for adhesive laminating two or more fabrics or fabric and a layer of plastic foam. There are two methods: the flame method used for bonding foam <br />
and the adhesive method used for bonding face and backing fabrics. 2. One of several processes of binding fibers into thin sheets, webs, or battings by means of adhesives, plastics, or cohesion (self-bonding).<br />
<br />
<b>Bonding with Binder Fibers:</b> Specially engineered low-melting point fibers are blended with other fibers in a web, so that a uniformly bonded structure can be generated at low temperature by fusion of the binder fiber with adjacent fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>Point Bonding:</b> The process of binding thermoplastic fibers into a nonwoven fabric by applying heat and pressure so that a discrete pattern of fiber bonds is formed. Also called spot bonding.<br />
<br />
<b>Print Bonding:</b> A process of binding fibers into a nonwoven fabric by applying an adhesive in a discrete pattern.<br />
<br />
<b>Saturation Bonding:</b> A process of binding fibers into a nonwoven fabric by soaking the web with an adhesive.<br />
<br />
<b>Spray Bonding:</b> A process of binding fibers into a nonwoven fabric involving the spray<br />
application of a fabric binder.<br />
<br />
<b>Stitch Bonding: </b>A bonding technique for nonwovens in which the fibers are connected by stitches sewn or knitted through the web. Also known as quilting.<br />
<b>BOND STRENGTH:</b> 1. The amount of force required to delaminate a piece of woven or knitted fabric from its backing. 2. The amount of force required to break the fusion points <br />
found in certain nonwovens. 3. The amount of force required to break the chemical bonds between atoms in molecules and crystalline salts. 4. See PEEL ADHESION.<br />
<br />
<b>BOOK CLOTH:</b> Print cloth treated with pyroxylin or starch and clay and used in bookbinding.<br />
<br />
<b>BOOK FOLD:</b> A method of folding finished fabric in which the fabric is first folded in half<br />
widthwise, then folded back and forth in equal lengths. Finally, the fold edge on each side is folded to the inside, forming a compact bundle equal in length to one-half the width of the goods.<br />
<br />
<b>BORON FIBER:</b> A vapor-deposited filament made by depositing boron on a heated tungsten wire. These fibers are being developed for use in aircraft and space applications.They can be woven into fabrics.<br />
<br />
<b>BOSS</b>: That part of a drafting roll of largest diameter where the fibers are gripped. It may be an integral part of the roll, as in steel rolls, or it may have a covering of leather, cork, etc. In the former case, the boss is fluted.<br />
<br />
<b>BOUCLÉ</b>: A fabric woven or knit with bouclé yarns. Bouclé fabric has a looped or knotted<br />
surface and is used for sportswear and coats.<br />
<br />
<b>BOUCLÉ YARN:</b> A novelty yarn with loops which give fabrics a rough appearance. Some<br />
bouclé yarns have cotton cores with other fibers wound around them. Bouclé yarns may be made from wool, cotton, silk, linen, manufactured fibers, or combinations of fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>BOURRELET</b>: A double-knit fabric with raised loops running horizontally across the surface of the cloth giving a rippled or corded effect.<br />
<br />
<b>BOW</b>: The greatest distance, measured parallel to the selvages, between a filling yarn and a straight line drawn between the points at which this yarn meets the selvages. Bow may be expressed directly in inches or as a percentage of the width of the fabric at that point.<br />
<br />
<b>BOX LOOM:</b> A loom using two or more shuttles for weaving fabrics with filling yarns that differ in fiber type, color, twist, level, or yarn size. The box motion is automatic, changing from one shuttle to another. Examples of fabrics made on box looms are crepes and ginghams.<br />
<br />
<b>BOX MARK:</b> A fine line parallel to the filling caused by shuttle damage to a group of filling yarns.<br />
<br />
<b>BRAID</b>: 1. A narrow textile band, often used as trimming or binding, formed by plaiting several strands of yarn. The fabric is formed by interfacing the yarns diagonally to the <br />
production axis of the material. 2. In aerospace textiles, a system of three or more yarns which are interlaced in such a way that no two yarns are twisted around each other.<br />
<br />
<b>BRAID ANGLE:</b> The acute angle measured from the axis of a fabric or rope to a braiding yarn.<br />
<br />
<b>BRAIDED FABRIC:</b> A narrow fabric made by crossing a number of strands diagonally so that each strand passed alternatively over or under one or more of the other strands. They are frequently used in shoelaces and suspenders.<br />
<br />
<b>BRAIDING</b>: The intertwining of three or more strands to make a<br />
cord. The strand form a regular diagonal pattern down the length of the cord.<br />
<br />
<b>BREAK FACTOR:</b> A measure of yarn strength calculated as: (1) the product of breaking<br />
strength times indirect yarn number, or (2) the product of breaking strength times the reciprocal of the direct yarn number.<br />
<br />
<b>BREAKING LENGTH:</b> A measure of the breaking strength of a yarn; the calculated length of a specimen whose weight is equal to its breaking load. The breaking length <br />
expressed in kilometers is numerically equal to the breaking tenacity expressed in grams-force per tex.<br />
<br />
<b>BREAKING LOAD:</b> The maximum load (or force) applied to a specimen in a tensile test carried to rupture. It is commonly expressed in grams-force (kilograms-force), pounds, <br />
or newton’s.<br />
<br />
<b>BREAK SPINNING:</b> A direct spinning process for converting manufactured fiber tows to spun yarn that incorporates prestretching and tow breaking with subsequent drafting and spinning in one operation.<br />
<br />
<b>BRIGHT</b>: The term applied to fibers whose luster has not been reduced by physical or chemical means; the opposite of dull or matte.<br />
<br />
<b>BRISTLE</b>: 1. A short, stiff, coarse fiber. 2. The hair of the hog.<br />
<br />
<b>BRITTLE POINT:</b> The temperature at which a polymer no longer exhibits viscoelastic<br />
properties.<br />
<br />
<b>BROAD GOODS:</b> Woven fabrics 18 inches or more in width.<br />
<br />
<b>BROADLOOM:</b> A term that refers to carpets woven in widths from 54 inches to 18 feet, as distinguished from narrow loom widths of 27 to 36 inches.<br />
<br />
<b>BROCADE</b>: 1. A rich, Jacquard-woven fabric with an all over interwoven design of raised<br />
figures or flowers. The pattern is emphasized by contrasting surfaces or colors and often has gold or silver threads running through it. The background may be either a satin or a <br />
twill weave. 2. A term describing a cut-pile carpet having a surface texture created by mixing twisted and straight standing pile yarns.<br />
<br />
<b>BROCATELLE</b>: A fabric similar to brocade with a satin or twill figure in high relief on a plain or satin background.<br />
<br />
<b>BROKEN END:</b> A broken, untied warp thread in a fabric. There are numerous causes, such as slubs, knots, improper shuttle alignment, shuttle hitting the warp shed, excessive <br />
warp tension,faulty sizing, and rough reeds, heddles, dropwires, and shuttles. (Also see END OUT.)<br />
<br />
<b>BROKEN PICK</b>: A broken filling thread in a fabric. Usual caused include too much shuttle<br />
tension, weak yarn, or filling coming into contact with a sharp surface.<br />
<br />
<b>BRUSHING</b>: A finishing process in which rotating brushes raise a nap on knit or woven fabrics. Brushing is used on sweaters, scarves, knit underwear, wool broadcloths, etc.<br />
<br />
<b>BUCKRAM</b>: A scrim fabric with a stiff finish, often used as interlining.<br />
<br />
<b>BUILDUP</b>: A term applied to substantivity of dye for a textile material. It refers to the ability of a dye to produce deep shades.<br />
<br />
<b>BUNTING</b>: A soft, flimsy, loose-textured, plain weave cloth most frequently used in flags.Bunting was originally made from cotton or worsted yarns, but today’s flags are <br />
made primarily from nylon or acrylic fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>BURLAP</b>: A coarse, heavy, plain weave fabric constructed from singles yarn of jute. Used for bags, upholstery lining, in curtains and draperies.<br />
<br />
<b>BURLING</b>: 1. The process of removing loose threads and knots from fabrics with a type of tweezers called a burling iron. 2. The process of correcting loose tufts and replacing missing tufts following carpet construction.<br />
<br />
<b>BURNING RATE:</b> The speed at which a fabric burns. It can be expressed as the amount of fabric affected per unit time, in terms of distance or area traveled by the flame, afterglow, or char.<br />
<br />
<b>BURR</b>: A device that assists in loop formation on circular-knitting machines equipped with<br />
spring needles.<br />
<br />
<b>BURSTING STRENGTH:</b> 1. The ability of a material to resist rupture by pressure.2. The force required to rupture a fabric by distending it with a force applied at right angles to <br />
the plane of the fabric under specified condition. Bursting strength is a measure widely used for knit fabrics,nonwoven fabrics, and felts where the constructions do not lend themselves to tensile tests. The two basic types of bursting tests are the inflated diaphragm method and the ball-bust method.<br />
<br />
<b>BUTCHER’S LINEN:</b> A plain weave, stiff fabric with thick and thin yarns in both the warp and the filling. The fabric was originally made of linen but is now duplicated in 100% <br />
polyester or a variety of blends such as polyester/rayon or polyester/cotton.</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-40475486518553422652013-03-21T07:34:00.000-07:002013-03-21T09:53:23.747-07:00Textile Dictionary-C(Letter)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: large;"></span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">A</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-bletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">B</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-cletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">C</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-dletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">D</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-eletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">E</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-fletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">F</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-gletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">G</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-hletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">H</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-iletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">I</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-jletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">J</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-kletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">K</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter_20.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">L</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">M</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-nletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">N </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-oletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">O</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-pletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">P</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-qletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Q</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-rletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">R </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-sletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">S</span></a> <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-tletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><u>T</u></span></a></span> </span><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-uletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">U</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-vletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">V</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-wletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">W</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-xletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">X</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-yletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Y</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Z</span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"></span></a>
</span></b>
<br />
<b>Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-C </b><br />
<b>CABINET</b>: A basic part of the manufactured-fiber spinning machine where, in dry spinning, the filaments become solidified by solvent evaporation and, in melt spinning, the filaments are solidified by cooling.<br />
<br />
<b>CABLED YARN:</b> A yarn formed by twisting together two or more plied yarns.<br />
<br />
<b>CABLE STITCH:</b> A knit effect produced by crossing a group of stitches over a neighboring stitch group.<br />
<br />
<b>CABLE TWIST:</b> A construction of thread, yarn, cord, or rope in which each successive twist is in the direction opposite the preceding twists;i.e., and S/Z/S or Z/S/Z construction.<br />
<br />
<b>CALENDER</b>: A machine used in finishing to impart a variety of surface effects to fabrics. A calender essentially consists of two or more heavy rollers, sometimes heated, through which the fabric passes under heavy pressure.<br />
<br />
<b>CALENDERING</b>: A mechanical finishing process for fabrics to produce special effects, such as high luster, glazing, moiré, and embossed effects. In this operation, the fabric is <br />
passed between heated rolls under pressure.<br />
<br />
<b>CAM</b>: A rotating or sliding piece or projection used to impart timed or periodic motion to other parts of a machine. It is used chiefly as a controlling or timing element in machines rather than as part of a power transmission mechanism. Cams are particularly important in both knitting and weaving machinery.<br />
<br />
<b>CAMBRIC</b>: A soft, white, closely woven, cotton or cotton blend fabric that has been calendered on the right side to give it a slight gloss. Cambric is used extensively for <br />
handkerchiefs.<br />
<br />
<b>CAN</b>: 1. A cylindrical container, about 3 feet high and 10 to 12 inches in diameter,that is used to collect sliver delivered by a card, drawing frame, etc. 2. See DRYING CYLINDERS.<br />
<br />
<b>CANDLE FILTER:</b> A small filter interposed between the spinning pump and spinning jet to effect final filtration of the spinning solution prior to extrusion.<br />
<br />
<b>CANDLE WATER TEMPERATURE:</b> The temperature of the water surrounding the candle<br />
filter or within the heating jacket during fiber extrusion.<br />
<br />
<b>CANDLEWICK FABRIC:</b> An unbleached muslin base fabric used to produce a chenille-like fabric by applying candlewick (heavy-plied yarn) loops and cutting the loops to give a fuzzy effect.<br />
<br />
<b>CANTON FLANNEL:</b> A heavy cotton or cotton blend material with a twilled face and a napped back. The fabric’s strength, warmth, and absorbance make it ideal for interlinings <br />
and sleeping garments.<br />
<br />
<b>CAPACITANCE:</b> The measure of the ability of a nonconductor to store electrical energy by means of the potential difference across the surfaces of the nonconductor.<br />
<br />
<b>CAPROLACTAM:</b> A white, crystalline, cyclic amide (C6H11NO) which yields e-amino-caproic acid on hydrolysis and is used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon 6.<br />
<br />
<b>CAP SPINNING:</b> A system of spinning employing a stationary,highly polished metal cap just large enough to fit over the take-up bobbin, which revolves at a high rate of speed. The cap controls the build and imparts sufficient tension to the yarn for winding. The yarn is twisted and wound onto packages simultaneously.<br />
<br />
<b>CARBON-ARC LAMP:</b> A type of fading lamp which utilizes an arc between two carbon electrodes as the source of radiation.<br />
<br />
<b>CARBON FIBER:</b> A high-tensile fiber or whisker made by heating rayon or polyacrylonitrile fibers or petroleum residues to appropriate temperatures. Fibers may be 7 to 8 microns in diameter and are more that 90% carbonized.<br />
<br />
<b>CARBONIZING:</b> A chemical process for eliminating cellulosic material from wool or other<br />
animal fibers. The material is reacted with sulfuric acid or hydrogen chloride gas followed by heating. When the material is dry, the carbonized cellulose material is dust-like and can be removed.<br />
<br />
<b>CARBOXYL END GROUP:</b> The chain-terminating (-COOH) group found in polyamide and polyester polymers.<br />
<br />
<b>CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE:</b> An acid ether derivative of cellulose formed by the<br />
reaction of alkali cellulose with chloroacetic acid. The sodium salt of this compound is<br />
commonly used as a stabilizer or an emulsifier.<br />
<br />
<b>CARD</b>: A machine used in the manufacture of staple yards. Its functions are to separate, align,and deliver the fibers in a sliver form and to remove impurities. The machine <br />
consists of a series of rolls, the surfaces of which are covered with many projecting wired or metal teeth. Short staple systems employ flat strips covered with card clothing rather that small rolls. <br />
<br />
<b>CARD CLOTHING:</b> The material used to cover the working surfaces of the card,i.e., cylinder and rolls or flats. The clothing consists of either wire teeth set in a foundation <br />
fabric or rubber, or narrow serrated metal flutes which are spirally arranged around the roll. The metallic wire has the appearance of band-saw blade.<br />
<br />
<b>CARD CONVERSION EFFICIENCY:</b> The efficiency of the carding process,expressed as a<br />
percentage obtained from ratio of sliver output to staple input.<br />
<br />
<b>CARDED YARN:</b> A cotton yarn that has been carded but not combed. Carded yarns contain a wider range of fiber lengths and, as a result, are not as uniform or as strong as <br />
combed yarns.They are considerably cheaper and are used in medium and course counts.<br />
<br />
<b>CARDIGAN:</b> 1. A modification of the rib-knitting stitch to allow tucking on one (half cardigan)or both(full cardigan) sets of needles. 2. A sweater that buttons down the front.<br />
<br />
<b>CARDING</b>: A process in the manufacture of spun yarns whereby the staple is opened, cleaned,aligned, and formed into a continuous, untwisted strand called a sliver.<br />
<br />
<b>CARE LABEL:</b> The label that gives directions for cleaning, ironing, and otherwise maintaining a fabric of fiber product.<br />
<br />
<b>CARPET BACKING:</b> A primary backing through which the carpet tufts are inserted is always required for tufted carpets. The backing is usually made of woven jute or nonwoven manufactured fiber fabrics. A secondary backing, again made of jute or <br />
manufactured fibers, is normally added at the latex backcoating stage. Carpet backings are an important end use for nonwoven fabrics.<br />
<br />
<b>CASEMENT CLOTH:</b> A general term applied to lightweight, sheer fabrics used for curtains and for screening purposes and as a backing for heavy drapery fabrics of the <br />
decorative type.This type of fabric is sometimes made in small fancy weaves for dresswear.<br />
<br />
<b>CASHMERE</b>: The extremely soft hair of the Cashmere goat. Cashmere is often blended with sheep’s wool in fabrics.<br />
<br />
<b>CATALYST</b>: A chemical that accelerates a reaction. The catalyst is not part of the reaction but increases the rate at which it takes place.<br />
<br />
<b>CATERPILLAR</b>: A large slub formed in a combination or plied yarn as a result of one of the ends breaking and sliding or skinning back along the other yarn.<br />
<br />
<b>CATION</b>: A positively charged ion.<br />
<br />
<b>CATIONIC DYEABLE VARIANTS:</b> Polymers modified chemically to make them receptive to cationic dyes.<br />
<br />
<b>CAUSTIC SODA:</b> The common name for sodium hydroxide.<br />
<br />
<b>CALAVRY TWILL:</b> A pronounced, raised cord on a 63-degree twill weave characterizes this rugged cloth usually made from wool or wool blend yarns.<br />
<br />
<b>CELLOPHANE</b>: A generic term for regenerated cellulose film, which is used primarily for<br />
packaging. The film is transparent and may be dyed in many colors or coated to render it<br />
moisture proof or heat-sealable.<br />
<br />
<b>CELLULOSE</b>: A carbohydrate which is the chief component of the cell walls of plants.<br />
Cellulose is found in wood and in cotton, linen, jute, hemp, and all of the bast, leaf, and stem fibers. It is a basic raw material in the manufacture of rayon, acetate, and triacetate fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>CELLULOSIC FIBER:</b> A fiber composed of, or derived from, cellulose. Examples are cotton(cellulose), rayon (regenerated cellulose), acetate (cellulose acetate), and triacetate (cellulose triacetate).<br />
<br />
<b>CENTRIFUGE</b>: A machine that employs centrifugal force to remove excess liquid <br />
from fabrics.In general, centrifuges are also used to separate materials of different densities.<br />
<br />
<b>CERAMIC FIBER:</b> An aluminum silicate fiber made by heating aluminum fluoride at 1000-1200°C with silica and water vapor. The crystals, or “whiskers,” obtained are up <br />
to 1 cm long and have high strength. Ceramic fibers are used in reinforced plastics.<br />
<br />
<b>CHAFED END</b>: A warp end that has been abraded during processing. It generally <br />
appears as a dull yarn often containing broken filaments.<br />
<br />
<b>CHAFER FABRIC:</b> A fabric, coated with unvulcanized rubber, that is wrapped around the bead section of the tire before vulcanization of the complete tire. The purpose of the chafer fabric is to maintain an abrasion-resistant later of rubber in contact with the wheel on which the tire is mounted.<br />
<br />
<b>CHAIN BINDERS:</b> Yarns running in the warp direction on the back of a woven carpet which hold construction yarns together.<br />
<br />
<b>CHAMBRAY</b>: 1. A plain woven-spun fabric, almost square (i.e., 80 x 76), with a colored warp and a white filling. Lightweight chambrays are used for shirts, dresses, and children’s clothes. 2.A similar but heavier fabric of carded yam, used for work clothing.<br />
<br />
<b>CHAMELEON</b>: A variable multicolored effect achieved by using warp yarns of one color and two filling yarns of different colors in each shed. It is sometimes used in taffeta, faille, or poplin made from silk or manufactured filament yarns.<br />
<br />
<b>CHANGE INLINGTH ON UNTWISTING:</b> The increase or decrease in length measured when a specimen is untwisted. The change is expressed as the percentage extension or <br />
contraction of the nominal gauge length of the specimen, i.e., specimen length prior to <br />
untwisting.<br />
<br />
<b>CHAR LENGTH:</b> In flammability testing, the distance from the edge of the sample exposed to the flame to the upper edge of the charred or void area.<br />
<br />
<b>CHEESE</b>: A cylindrical package of yarn wound on a flangeless tube.<br />
<br />
<b>CHEESECLOTH</b>: A low-count, plain weave, soft cotton or cotton blend cloth also known as gauze.<br />
<br />
<b>CHELATING AGENT:</b> A compound that will inactivate a metallic ion by making it an integral part of an inner ring structure. The metal is attached by coordinate links to two or more nonmetal atoms in the same molecule.<br />
<br />
<b>CHEMICAL CRIMPING:</b> A crinkled or puckered effect in fabric obtained by printing sodium hydroxide onto the goods in a planned design. When the material is washed, the <br />
part to which the paste has been applied will shrink and cause untreated areas to pucker. The same effect is obtained with a caustic resist print and a sodium hydroxide bath.<br />
<br />
<b>CHEMICAL FINISHING:</b> Processes in which additives are applied to change the aesthetic and functional properties of a material. Examples are the application of antioxidants, flameretardant,wetting agents, and stain and water repellents.<br />
<br />
<b>CHEMICAL STABILITY:</b> Degree of resistance of a material to chemicals, such as acids, bases,solvents, oils, and oxidizing agents, and to chemical reactions, including those <br />
catalyzed by light.<br />
<br />
<b>CHEVIOT</b>: A rugged tweed made from uneven yarn, this fabric usually has a rather harsh hand.<br />
<br />
<b>CHEVRON</b>: A broad term applied to prints in zigzag stripes or to herringbone weaves.<br />
<br />
<b>CHIFFON</b>: A plain weave, lightweight, sheer, transparent fabric made from fine,highly twisted yarns. It is usually a square fabric, i.e., having approximately the same number of <br />
ends and picks and the same count in both warp and filling.<br />
<br />
<b>CHINCHILLA CLOTH: </b>A heavy, twill weave, filling-pile fabric with a napped surface that is rolled into little tufts or nubs. The material is frequently double faced with a knitted or woven,plain or fancy back. Chinchilla cloth is used primarily in coats. The term is also <br />
used to refer to a knitted woolen fabric having a napped surface.<br />
<br />
<b>CHINO</b>: A cotton or cotton blend twill used by armies throughout the world for summer-weight uniforms. Chino is frequently dyed khaki.<br />
<br />
<b>CHINTZ</b>: A glazed fabric produced by friction calendering. Unglazed chintz is called cretonne.<br />
<br />
<b>CHIP</b>: 1. The form of polymer feedstock used in fiber production. 2. The feedstock for a pulp digestor. 3. A defect in a nonwoven fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>CHLORINE RETENTION:</b> A characteristic of several resins and textile finishes whereby they retain some of the chlorine from bleach. On heating of the goods, the chlorine forms hydrochloric acid, causing tendering of the cloth. This is especially true of certain <br />
wrinkle resistant finishes for cotton and rayon.<br />
<br />
<b>CHOKED COILER:</b> A condition in carding or drawing in which sliver is either puffy, badly condensed, or very uneven, leading to overloading of the coiler trumpets and <br />
causing work stoppage.<br />
<br />
<b>CHOKED FLYERS:</b> A situation in which roving will not pass through the flyer channels<br />
because of heavy or cockled conditions caused by such factors as uneven drafting,waste, overcut fibers, and improper finish.<br />
<br />
<b>CHROMATICITY</b>: The quality of color expressed as a function of wavelength and purity.<br />
<br />
<b>CHROMATOGRAPHY</b>: The generic name of a group of processes for separating and<br />
analyzing mixtures of chemical compounds. The separation depends on the redistribution of molecules of the mixture between phases, one of which is thin, often reaching molecular dimensions. For this reason, molecular size and shape are important in the <br />
separation, and extremely subtle separations are possible.<br />
<br />
<b>CHUTE-FEED SYSTEM:</b> Pneumatic fiber transport system used in linking textile processing equipment or operations, especially opening, blending, and carding.<br />
<br />
<b>CIRCULAR-KNIT FABRIC:</b> A tubular weft-knit fabric made of a circular-knitting machine.<br />
<br />
<b>CIRÉ</b>: A brilliant patent leather effect produced by application of wax, heat, and pressure.<br />
<br />
<b>CLAMPS</b>: The parts of a testing machine that are used to hold a specimen while it is subjected to force. (Also called jaws.)<br />
<br />
<b>CLARITY</b>: 1. In general, the optical property of being clear. 2. In acetate manufacture, a<br />
measure of the appearance of dope solutions, indicating the quality of the acetylation mixture. 3. In printing, the sharpness or definition of a print pattern.<br />
<br />
<b>CLEARING</b>: The treatment of printed fabrics with a chemical solution to improve the<br />
appearance of the whites. In many cases the treatment also brightens the printed areas.<br />
<br />
<b>CLIPMARK</b>: Visible deformation of selvage due to pressure from a tenter clip.<br />
<br />
<b>CLO</b>: A unit of thermal resistance. The insulation needed to keep an individual producing heat at the rate of 58W/m2 comfortable of 21°C air temperature with air movement of <br />
0.1 m/s. One clo is roughly equal to the insulation value of typical indoor clothing.<br />
<br />
<b>CLOQUÉ FABRIC:</b> From the French term for blistered, it refers to any fabric whose surface exhibits an irregularly raises blister effect.<br />
<br />
<b>CLOTH</b>: A generic term embracing all textile fabrics and felts. Cloth may be formed of any textile fiber, wire, or other material, and it includes any pliant fabric woven, knit, <br />
felted, needled, sewn, or otherwise formed.<br />
<br />
<b>CLOUDY WEB:</b> An uneven or irregular web from the doffer of a card.<br />
<br />
<b>CLUMPS</b>: In nonwoven fabrics, an irregularly shaped grouping of fibers caused by insufficient fiber separation.<br />
<br />
<b>COACERVATION</b>: The collection of colloidal particles into droplets held together by<br />
electrostatic attraction. This term for the equilibrium state of colloidal systems was introduced in 1929.<br />
<br />
<b>COAGULATION</b>: The precipitation of particles from a suspension in a liquid,usually resulting in formation of a gel.<br />
<br />
<b>COAGULATION BATH:</b> A liquid bath that serves to harden viscous polymer strands into solid fibers after extrusion through a spinneret. Used in wet spinning processes such as <br />
in rayon or acrylic fiber manufacture.<br />
<br />
<b>COALESCED FILAMENTS:</b> Filaments stuck together by design or accident during the<br />
extrusion process.<br />
<br />
<b>COALESCENCE</b>: Merging of two or more substances into a larger substance, i.e., coalesced filaments.<br />
<br />
<b>COARSE THREAD:</b> A yarn larger in diameter than other yarns being used in the fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>COATED FABRIC:</b> A fabric to which a substance such as lacquer, plastic, resin,rubber, or<br />
varnish has been applied in firmly adhering layers to provide certain properties,such as water impermeability.<br />
<br />
<b>COATING</b>: The application of a semi-liquid material such as rubber, polyvinyl chloride, or<br />
polyurethane to one or both sides of a textile material. Once the coating has been dried (and cured, if necessary), it forms a bond with the fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>Calender Coating:</b> A type of roller coating that is actually a laminating operation.The coating is formed into a sheet, then joined with the fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>Cast Coating:</b> A method by which resinous materials such as vinyl are coated onto a fabric and cured by heated casting drums.<br />
<br />
<b>Dip Coating:</b> The process of passing a fabric through a solution of resin or elastomer, then through squeeze rolls to remove excess and leave a thin surface layer on the base <br />
fabric. In this process, both sides can be coated in one pass.<br />
<br />
<b>COCKLED YARN:</b> Spun yarn in which some fibers do not lie parallel to the other fibers but instead are curled and kinked, forming a rough and uneven surface on the yarn.The general cause is fiber overcut to the extent that the drafting rolls catch and hold both <br />
ends of the fiber at the same time while attempting to draft, resulting in slippage or breakage.<br />
<br />
<b>COCKLING</b>: A crimpiness or pucker in yarn or fabric usually caused by lack of uniform quality in the raw material used, improper tension on yarn in weaving, or weaving <br />
together yarns of different numbers.<br />
<br />
<b>COHESION</b>: The force that holds fibers together during yarn manufacturing or processing. It is usually a function of lubricant (type and amount) and fiber crimp.<br />
<br />
<b>COILING</b>: The depositing of sliver into cylindrical cans in helical loops. This arrangement<br />
permits easy removal for further processing.<br />
<br />
<b>COLOR ABRASION:</b> Color changes in localized areas of a garment resulting from differential wear.<br />
<br />
<b>COLORFASTNESS</b>: Resistance to fading; i.e., the property of a dye to retain its color when the dyed (or printed) textile material is exposed to conditions or agents such as light, perspiration,atmospheric gases, or washing that can remove or destroy the color. A dye may be reasonably fast to one agent and only moderately fast to another. Degree of fastness of color is tested by standard procedures. Textile materials often must meet certain fastness specifications for a particular use.<br />
<br />
<b>COLORIMETER</b>: 1. A device that specifies color by measuring the intensities of the three primary colors that compose the color under study. 2. An instrument for measuring the concentration of a known substance in solution by comparing the liquid’s color with standard colors.<br />
<br />
<b>COLORIMETRY:</b> Any technique for evaluating a given color in terms of standard colors.<br />
<br />
<b>COLOR STRIPPER:</b> A chemical used to remove some or all of the dyestuffs from a fiber, yarn,or fabric so that a dyeing defect can be corrected, a shade lightened, or another color applied.<br />
<br />
<b>COLOUR INDEX (CI):</b> A listing of dyes and chemical structures published by the Society of Dyers and Colourists. Each structure is assigned a name according to chemical composition.Each dye is assigned a number according to its class and shade. A correlating <br />
structure number is given when available.<br />
<br />
<b>COMBED SLIVER:</b> A continuous band of untwisted fiber, relatively free of short fibers and trash, produced by combing card sliver.<br />
<br />
<b>COMBED YARN:</b> A yarn produced from combed sliver. (Also see COMBING.)<br />
<br />
<b>COMBINATION YARN:</b> A piled yarn containing two or more yarns that vary in fiber<br />
composition, content, and/or twist level; or plied yarn composed of both filament yarn and spun yarn.<br />
<br />
<b>COMBING</b>: A step subsequent to carding in cotton and worsted system processing which<br />
straightens the fibers and extracts neps, foreign matter, and short fibers.Combing produces a stronger, more even, more compact, finer, smoother yarn.<br />
<br />
<b>COMFORT</b>: Performance parameter of apparel referring to wearability.Encompasses such<br />
properties as wicking, stretch, hand, etc.<br />
<br />
<b>COMMERCIAL ALLOWANCE:</b> The commercial moisture regain plus a specific allowance<br />
for finish used in calculating the commercial or legal weight of a fiber shipment.<br />
<br />
<b>COMMERCIAL MOISTURE REGAIN:</b> An arbitrary value adopted as the moisture regain to be used in calculating the commercial or legal weight of a fiber shipment.<br />
<br />
<b>COMMERCIAL WEIGHT:</b> 1. In natural fibers, the dry weight of fibers or yarns plus the<br />
commercial moisture regain. 2. In manufactured fibers, the dry weight of staple spun yarns or filament yarns after scouring by prescribed methods, plush the commercial moisture regain.<br />
<br />
<b>COMMINGLED YARN:</b> In aerospace textiles, two or more continuous multifilament yarns, the filaments of which have been intermixed with each other without adding twist or otherwise disturbing parallel relationship of the combined filaments. Usually consists of a reinforcing yarn, such as graphite or glass, and a thermoplastic matrix yarn.<br />
<br />
<b>COMPACTED YARNS:</b> Air-jet interlaced yarns. Since the entanglement serves only as a substitute for twist, the degree of interlace or tangle is not as great as in air-jet bulked yarns.<br />
<br />
<b>COMPACTOR</b>: A machine developed by Fabric Research Laboratories which is used to<br />
compact fabrics or to produce warp-stretch fabrics by means of forced crimp and/or shrinkage of the warp yarn.<br />
<br />
<b>COMPACT SPINNING PROCESS:</b> A term generally referring to a spinning process carried out using any one of the several small spinning machines of compact design <br />
offered by equipment vendors as “packaged” units in which spinning and subsequent <br />
processing (drawing,crimping, cutting, etc.) are linked.<br />
<br />
<b>COMPATIBLE SHRINKAGE:</b> A term used for bonded fabrics to indicate that the face fabric and lining have similar shrinkage. This is necessary to avoid puckering.<br />
<br />
<b>COMPLIANCE</b>: The ability of a fiber to yield under stress; the ratio of the change in strain to the change in stress that produces it; the reciprocal of the textile modulus.<br />
<br />
<b>COMPOSITE FIBERS:</b> Fibers composed of two or more polymer types in a sheath-core or side-by-side (bilateral) relation.<br />
<br />
<b>COMPRESSIBILITY</b>: Refers to the ease of reducing the bulk of fabric, carpet, batting, or other material. May be high or low, soft or hard.<br />
<br />
<b>CONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION:</b> A polymerization process yielding a product in<br />
which the repeating unit has fewer atoms that the monomer or monomers.Generally, the<br />
separation of water or some other simple substance occurs as a result of the reaction, e.g.,ethylene glycol in polyester production.<br />
<br />
<b>CONDITIONING</b>: A process of allowing textile materials (staple, tow, yarns, and fabrics) to reach hygroscopic equilibrium with the surrounding atmosphere. Materials may be conditioned in a standard atmosphere (65%RH,70°F) for testing purposes or in arbitrary <br />
conditions existing in manufacturing or processing areas.<br />
<br />
<b>CONE</b>: A conical package of yarn, usually wound on a disposable paper core.<br />
<br />
<b>CONING</b>: The transfer of yarn from skeins or bobbins or other types of packages to cones.<br />
<br />
<b>CONJUGATE FIBER:</b> A two-component fiber with specific ability to crimp on hot or hot/wet treatment because of differential shrinkage.<br />
<br />
<b>CONJUGATE YARN:</b> A yarn made from conjugate filaments.<br />
<br />
<b>CONSOLIDATION</b>: Application of heat and pressure to form composite structures.<br />
<br />
<b>CONTACT ANGLE: </b>The angle between the surface of a liquid and the surface of a partially submerged object or the container at the line of contact. The smaller the contact <br />
angle, the greater the wettability of the solid.<br />
<br />
<b>CONVERTED FABRIC:</b> A finished fabric as distinguished from greige fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>CONVERTER</b>: An individual or organization which buys greige fabrics and sells them as a<br />
finished product to cutters, wholesalers, retailers, and others. The converter arranges for the finishing of the fabric, namely bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing, printing, etc., to the buyers’ specifications.<br />
<br />
<b>CONVOLUTION</b>: 1. An irregular spiral or twisted condition characteristic of mature cotton fiber. It is visible under a microscopic. The finer fibers are generally more twisted <br />
than the coarser fibers. 2. Coil and curl in certain types of textured yarns which provide <br />
bulkiness to the yarn.<br />
<br />
<b>COP</b>: 1. A headless tube upon which yarn or thread is wound. 2. Thread or yarn wound into the shape of a hollow cylinder with tapered ends. 3. Filling yarn wound upon a <br />
tapered tube (generally paper).<br />
<br />
<b>COPOLYMER</b>: A polymer composed of a combination of more that one monomer (usually two). Copolymers are the basis of some manufactured fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>CORD</b>: 1. The product formed by twisting together two or more plied yarns. 2. A rib on the surface of a fabric (e.g., corduroy and whipcord).<br />
<br />
<b>CORDUROY</b>: A filling-pile fabric with ridges of pile (cords)running lengthwise parallel to the selvage.<br />
<br />
<b>CORKSCREW TWIST:</b> A place in yarn or cord where uneven twist gives a corkscrew-like<br />
appearance.<br />
<br />
<b>CORRUGATION MARK:</b> A fabric defect consisting of a crimped, rippled, wavy,pebbled, or cockled area in the fabric spoiling the uniformity of the texture.<br />
<br />
<b>COT</b>: The covering material used on various fiber-processing rolls, especially drawing rolls.Leather, cork, rubber, and synthetic materials are frequently employed.<br />
<br />
<b>COTTON FIBER:</b> A unicellular, natural fiber composed of almost pure cellulose.As taken<br />
from plants, the fiber is found in lengths of 3/8 to 2 inches. For marketing, the fibers are graded and classed for length, strength, and color.<br />
<br />
<b>COURSE</b>: The row of loops or stitches running across a knit fabric, corresponding to the filling in woven fabrics.<br />
<br />
<b>COVER</b>: 1. The degree of evenness of thread spacing. 2. The degree to which underlying structure is concealed by the surface material, as in carpets, the degree to which pile covers backing. 3. The ability of a dye to conceal defects in fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>COVER FACTOR:</b> The fraction of the surface area that is covered by yarns assuming round yarn shape.<br />
<br />
<b>COVERSTOCK</b>: A lightweight nonwoven material used to contain and conceal an underlying core material. Examples are the facing materials that cover the absorbent cores of diapers, sanitary napkins, and adult incontinence products.<br />
<br />
<b>COVERT</b>: A medium weight to heavyweight wool or wool blend cloth woven with a steep twill from two or more shades of yarn-dyed fibers to produce a mottled or melange <br />
effect.<br />
<br />
<b>COWOVEN FABRIC:</b> In aerospace textiles, a fabric in which a reinforcing fiber and a matrix fiber are adjacent to each other as one end in the warp and/or filling direction.<br />
<br />
<b>CRAB</b>: A hand device used to stretch carpets in a small area.<br />
<br />
<b>CRABBING</b>: The process of heating wool or hair fabrics, under tension,in a hot or boiling liquid, then cooling under tension, to provide the fabric with dimensional stability for further wet processing.<br />
<br />
<b>CRACK</b>: A defect in a woven fabric consisting of an open fillingwise streak extending partly or entirely across the fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>CRACK MARK:</b> A sharp break or crease in the surface of a coated or laminated fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>CRASH</b>: A course fabric with a rough, irregular surface made from thick, uneven yarns.<br />
<br />
<b>CREASE</b>: A break or line in a fabric generally caused by a sharp fold. Creases may be either desirable or undesirable, depending upon the situation. A crease may be intentionally pressed into a fabric by application of pressure and heat and sometimes moisture.<br />
<br />
<b>CREASE-RESISTANT:</b> A term used to describe a fabric treated chemically to improve its<br />
resistance to and recovery from wrinkling.<br />
<br />
<b>CREASE RETENTION:</b> The ability of a fabric to maintain an inserted crease.Crease retention can be measured subjectively or by the relation of a crease in a subsequent state to the crease in the initial state. Crease retention may be strongly dependent on the conditions of use, e.g.,normal wear, washing or tumble-drying.<br />
<br />
<b>CREEL</b>: 1. A framework arranged to hold slivers, rovings, or yarns so that many ends can be withdrawn smoothly and evenly without tangling. 2. A similar device used to aggregate sub-tows to tows in manufactured staple processing, especially polyester.<br />
<br />
<b>CREELING</b>: The mounting of supply packages in a creel to feed fiber to a process, i.e., beaming or warping.<br />
<br />
<b>CREPE</b>: A lightweight fabric characterized by a crinkling surface obtained by the use of: (1) hard-twist filling yarns, (2) chemical treatment, (3) crepe weaves, and (4)embossing.<br />
<br />
<b>CRIMP AMPLITUDE:</b> The height of displacement of the fiber from its uncrimped condition.<br />
<br />
<b>CRIMP DEREGISTERING:</b> The process of opening a tow band by causing the peaks and valleys of the crimp to lay randomly rather that uniformly.<br />
<br />
<b>CRIMP ENERGY:</b> The amount of work required to uncrimp a fiber.<br />
<br />
<b>CRIMP FREQUENCY:</b> The crimp level, or number of crimps per inch in yarn or tow.<br />
<br />
<b>CRIMPING</b>: The process of imparting crimp to tow or filament yarn.<br />
<br />
<b>CRIMP SETTING:</b> An aftertreatment to set the crimp in yarn or fiber. Usually heat and steam are used, although the treatment may be chemical in nature.<br />
<br />
<b>CRINKLE</b>: 1. A wrinkled or puckered effect in fabric. It may be obtained either in the<br />
construction or in the finishing of the fabric. 2. The term is sometimes incorrectly used to<br />
describe the crimp of staple fiber.<br />
<br />
<b>CRINOLINE</b>: A stiff, heavily sized fabric used as an interlining or to support areas such as the edge of a hem.<br />
<br />
<b>CROCHETING</b>: The interlocking of loops from a single thread with a hooked needle.<br />
Crocheting can be done either by hand or by machine.<br />
<br />
<b>CROCKING</b>: The rubbing-off of dye from a fabric as a result of insufficient dye penetration or fixation, the use of improper dyes or dyeing methods, or insufficient washing and treatment after the dyeing operation. Crocking can occur under dry or wet conditions.<br />
<br />
<b>CROSS DIRECTION:</b> The width dimension, within the plane of the fabric, that is perpendicular to the direction in which the fabric is being produced by the machine.<br />
<br />
<b>CROSS-FLOW QUENCH:</b> In cooling extruded polymer filaments, refers to cooling air directed from one side cross the path of the filaments. There may be some type of suction on the opposite side to remove the heated air.<br />
<br />
<b>CROSS-LINKING:</b> The stabilization of cellulosic or manufactured fibers through chemical reaction with certain compounds in such a way that the cellulose or manufactured polymer chains are bridged across or “crosslinked.”Cross-linking improves such mechanical factors as wrinkle resistance. Random cross-linking in manufactured polymers is undesirable and leads to brittleness and loss of tensile strength.<br />
<br />
<b>CURING</b>: 1. In finishing fabrics, the process by which resins or plastics are set in or on textile materials, usually by heating. 2. In rubber processing, vulcanization. It is accomplished either by heat treatment or by treatment in cold sulfuryl chloride solution.<br />
<br />
<b>CUSHION-BACK CARPET:</b> A carpet with padding made as an integral part of the backing.<br />
<br />
<b>CUT PILE:</b> A pile surface obtained by cutting the loops of yarn in a tufted or woven carpet.<br />
<br />
<b>CUT SELVAGE:</b> A cut or break occurring only in the selvage. A cut selvage is caused by incorrect loom adjustment during weaving or improper edge construction. The term also refers to loose edges cut during shearing of the fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>CUT STAPLE:</b> 1. An inferior cotton fiber that was accidentally cut because it was too damp during ginning. 2. A term sometimes used to denote staple of manufactured fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>CUTTER</b>: 1. A mechanical device used to cut tow into staple. 2. A firm engaged in making up garments from finished fabrics. 3. A person employed in the wholesale garment industry whose specific work is to cut layers of fabric to be formed into garments.<br />
<br />
<b>CUT YARN:</b> A defective yarn, i.e., cut partially or completely through, resulting from<br />
malprocessing.<br />
<br />
<b>CYCLIC STRESS-STRAIN:</b> Repeated loading of a yarn on a tensile testing machine and the determination of the physical properties of the yarn during these cycles.<br />
<br />
<b>CYCLIC TRIMER:</b> Strictly, a polymer, in cyclic form, that contains three repeating groups.Cyclic trimer is a by-product found in all commercial polyester and results in <br />
deposit buildup in package-dyeing equipment.</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-73705200047015747492013-03-21T07:32:00.001-07:002013-03-21T09:53:32.926-07:00Textile Dictionary-D(Letter)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: large;"></span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">A</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-bletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">B</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-cletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">C</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-dletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">D</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-eletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">E</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-fletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">F</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-gletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">G</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-hletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">H</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-iletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">I</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-jletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">J</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-kletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">K</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter_20.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">L</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">M</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-nletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">N </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-oletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">O</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-pletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">P</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-qletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Q</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-rletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">R </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-sletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">S</span></a> <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-tletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><u>T</u></span></a></span> </span><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-uletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">U</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-vletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">V</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-wletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">W</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-xletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">X</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-yletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Y</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Z</span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"></span></a>
</span></b>
<br />
<b>Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-D</b><br />
<b>DAMASK</b>: A firm, glossy, Jacquard-patterned fabric that may be made from linen, cotton, rayon,silk, or a combination of these with various manufactured fibers. Similar to brocade, but flatter and reversible, damask is used for napkins, tablecloths, draperies, and upholstery.<br />
<br />
<b>DAMPENING (IN TIRE CORD):</b> The relative ability to absorb energy and deaden oscillation after excitation.<br />
<br />
<b>DECATING MARK:</b> A crease mark or impression extending fillingwise across the fabric near the beginning or end of the piece.<br />
<br />
<b>DECATIZING</b>: A finishing process in which fabric, wound tightly on a perforated roller, either has hot water circulated through it (wet decatizing), or has steam blown through it (dry decatizing). The process is aimed chiefly at improving the hand and removing wrinkles.<br />
<br />
<b>DECITEX</b>: One tenth of a tex.<br />
<br />
<b>DECORTICATING:</b> A mechanical process for separating the woody matter from the bast fiber of such plants as ramie and hemp.<br />
<br />
<b>DEEP-DYEING VARIANTS:</b> Polymers that have been chemically modified to increase their dyeability. Fibers and fabrics made therefrom can be dyed to very heavy depth.<br />
<br />
<b>DEFECTS</b>: A general term that refers to some flaw in a textile product that detracts from either performance or appearance properties.<br />
<br />
<b>DEFORMATION</b>: A change in the shape of a specimen, e.g., an increase in length produced as the result of the application of a tensile load or force. Deformation may be immediate or delayed,and the latter may be recoverable or nonrecoverable.<br />
<br />
<b>DEGRADATION</b>: The loss of desirable physical properties by a textile material as a result of some process or physical/chemical phenomenon.<br />
<br />
<b>DEGREE OF ESTERIFICATION:</b> The extent to which the acid groups of terephthalic and/or other acids have reacted with diols to form ester groups in polyester polymer production.<br />
<br />
<b>DEGREE OF POLYMERIZATION:</b> Refers to the number of monomer units in an average<br />
polymer. It can be controlled during processing and affects the properties of the end product.<br />
<br />
<b>DEGUMMING</b>: The removal of gum from silk by boiling in a mildly alkaline solution. Usually accomplished on the knit or woven fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>DELAYED DEFORMATION:</b> Deformation that is time-dependent and is exhibited by material subjected to a continuing load; creep. Delayed deformation may be recoverable following removal of the applied load.<br />
<br />
<b>DELUSTERING</b>: Subduing or dulling the natural luster of a textile material by chemical or<br />
physical means. The term often refers to the use of titanium dioxide or other white pigments as delustrants in textile materials.<br />
<br />
<b>DELUSTRANT</b>: A substance that can be used to dull the luster of a manufactured fiber. Often a pigment such as titanium dioxide.<br />
<br />
<b>DENIER</b>: A weight-per-unit-length measure of any linear material. Officially, it is the number of unit weights of 0.05 grams per 450-meter length. This is numerically equal to the weight in grams of 9,000 meters of the material. Denier is a direct numbering system in which the lower numbers represent the finer sizes and the higher numbers the coarser sizes. In the U.S., the denier system is used for numbering filament yarns (except glass), manufactured fiber staple (but not spun yarns), and tow. In most countries outside the U.S., the denier system has been replaced by the tex system. The following denier terms are in use:<br />
<br />
<b>Total Denier:</b> The denier of a tow before it is crimped. It is the product of the denier per filament and the number of filaments in the tow. The total denier after crimping (called crimped total denier) is higher because of the resultant increase in weight per unit length.<br />
<br />
<b>DENIER VARIATION:</b> Usually variation in diameter, or other cross-sectional dimension, along the length of a filament or bundle of filaments. It is caused by malfunction or lack of process control in fiber manufacturing and degrades resulting fabric appearance or performance.<br />
<br />
<b>DENIM</b>: A firm 2 x 1 or 3 x 1 twill-weave fabric, often having a whitish tinge, obtained by using white filling yarns with colored warp yarns. Heavier weight denims, usually blue or brown, are used for dungarees, work clothes, and men’s and women’s sportswear. Lighter weight denims with softer finish are made in a variety of colors and patterns and are used for sportswear and draperies.<br />
<br />
<b>DENSITY</b>: The mass per unit volume (usually expressed as grams per cubic centimeter).<br />
<br />
<b>DENT</b>: On a loom, the space between the wires of a reed.<br />
<br />
<b>DEREGISTERING </b>(<b>CRIMP</b>): Process of disordering or disaligning the crimp in a tow band to produce bulk.<br />
<br />
<b>DESULFURIZING</b>: An aftertreatment to remove sulfur from newly spun viscose rayon by<br />
passing the yarn through a sodium sulfide solution.<br />
<br />
<b>DETERGENT</b>: A synthetic cleaning agent containing surfactants that do not precipitate in hard water and have the ability to emulsify oil and suspend dirt.<br />
<br />
<b>DEVELOPING</b>: A stage in dyeing or printing in which leuco compounds, dyes, or dye<br />
intermediates are converted to the final, stable state or shade.<br />
<br />
<b>DEWPOINT</b>: The temperature at which a gas begins to condense as a liquid at a given pressure.Thus in air, it is the temperature at which the air becomes saturated when cooled with no further addition of moisture or change in pressure.<br />
<br />
<b>DIAL</b>: In a circular-knitting machine, a circular steel plate with radially arranged slots for needles. A knitting machine equipped with both a dial and a cylinder (q.v.) can produce double-knit fabrics.<br />
<br />
<b>DIAMINE</b>: A compound with two amino groups. Hexamethylenediamine, one of the intermediates in the manufacture of nylon 66 salt, is an example of this chemical type.<br />
<br />
<b>DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE:</b> In an electrical insulating material, the voltage at<br />
which electrical breakdown occurs, i.e., the voltage at which current will flow and/or the material melts.<br />
<br />
<b>DIELECTRIC CONSTANT:</b> Measure of the ability of a dielectric material to store electrical potential energy under the influence of an electric field, measured by the ratio of the capacitance of a condenser with the material as the dielectric to its capacitance with a vacuum as the dielectric.<br />
<br />
<b>DIELECTRIC STRENGTH:</b> The average voltage gradient at which electrical failure or<br />
breakdown occurs. Expressed in volts per mil.<br />
<br />
<b>DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS:</b> A method of determining the temperature at which thermal events occur in a material undergoing continuous heating.<br />
<br />
<b>DIFFUSION</b>: 1. A more or less gradual movement of molecules or ions through a solution or fiber as a result of the existence of a concentration gradient or repulsive or attractive forces. 2.The random movement of gas molecules.<br />
<br />
<b>DIMENSIONAL RESTORABILITY:</b> The ability of a fabric to be returned to its original<br />
dimensions after laundering or dry cleaning, expressed in percent. For example, 2% dimensional restorability means that although a fabric may shrink more than this in washing, it can be restored to within 2% of its original dimensions by ordinary home pressing methods.<br />
<br />
<b>DIMENSIONAL STABILITY:</b> The ability of textile material to maintain or return to its<br />
original geometric configuration.<br />
<br />
<b>DIMETHYL TEREPHTHALATE:</b> [p-C6H4(COOCH3)2] An intermediate used in the<br />
production of polyethylene terephthalate, the polymer from which polyester fibers and resins are made.<br />
<br />
<b>DIMITY</b>: A sheer, thin, spun cloth that sometimes has cords or stripes woven in. It is used for aprons, pinafores, and many types of dress goods.<br />
<br />
<b>DIP</b>: 1. Immersion of a textile material in some processing liquid. The term is usually used in connection with a padding or slashing process. 2. The rubber compound with which tire cords and other in-rubber textiles are treated to give improved adhesion to rubber.<br />
<br />
<b>DIP PENETRATION:</b> The degree of saturation through a tire cord after impregnation with an adhesive.<br />
<br />
<b>DIP PICKUP:</b> The amount of adhesive applied to a tire cord by dipping, expressed as a<br />
percentage of the weight of the cord before dipping.<br />
<br />
<b>DIP TREATING: </b>The process of passing fiber, cord, or fabric through an adhesive bath,<br />
followed by drying and heat-treating of the adhesive-coated fiber to obtain better adhesion.<br />
<br />
<b>DIRECT ESTERIFICATION:</b> In the production of polyethylene terephthalate, the process in which ethylene glycol is reacted with terephthalic acid to form bis-ß-hydroxyethyl terephthalate monomer with the generation of water as a by-product.<br />
<br />
<b>DIRECTIONALLY ORIENTED FABRICS:</b> Rigid fabric constructions containing inlaid warp<br />
or fill yarns held in place by a warp-knit structure. Used in geotextiles, coated fabrics,<br />
composites, etc.<br />
<br />
<b>DISPERSION</b>: 1. A system consisting of finely divided particles and the medium in which they are distributed. 2. Separation of light into colors by diffraction or refraction. 3. A qualitative estimation of the separation and uniform distribution of fibers in the liquid during the production of a wet-formed nonwoven fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>DISTRIBUTION LENGTH:</b> In fibers, a graphic or tabular presentation of the proportion or percentage (by number or by weight) of fibers having different lengths.<br />
<br />
<b>DIVIDED THREADLINE EXTRUSION:</b> Spinning of two separate threadlines from one<br />
spinneret.<br />
<br />
<b>DOBBY</b>: 1. A mechanical attachment on a loom. A dobby controls the harnesses to permit the weaving of geometric figures. 2. A loom equipped with a dobby. 3. A fabric woven on a dobby loom.<br />
<br />
<b>DOCTOR BLADE:</b> A metal knife that cleans or scrapes the excess dye from engraved printing rollers, leaving dye paste only in the valleys of engraved areas. Also used to describe other blades that are used to apply materials evenly to rollers or fabrics.<br />
<br />
<b>DOCTOR STREAK:</b> A defect in printed fabrics consisting of a wavy white or colored streak in the warp direction. It is caused by a damaged or improperly set doctor blade on the printing machine.<br />
<br />
<b>DOESKIN FINISH:</b> A soft low nap that is brushed in one direction. Cloth with this type of finish is used on billiard tables and in men’s wear.<br />
<br />
<b>DOFF</b>: A set of full bobbins produced by one machine (a roving frame, a spinning frame, or a manufactured filament-yarn extrusion machine).<br />
<br />
<b>DOFFER</b>: 1. The last or delivery cylinder of the card from which the sheet of fibers is removed by the doffer comb. 2. An operator who removes full bobbins, spools, containers, or other packages from a machine and replaces them with empty ones.<br />
<br />
<b>DOFFER COMB:</b> A reciprocating comb, the teeth of which oscillate close to the card clothing of the doffer to strip the web of fibers from the card.<br />
<br />
<b>DOFFER LOADING:</b> Fibers imbedded so deeply into the doffer wire clothing that the doffer comb cannot dislodge them to form a traveling web.<br />
<br />
<b>DOFFING</b>: The operation of removing full packages, bobbins, spools, roving cans, caps, etc.,from a machine and replacing them with empty ones.<br />
<br />
<b>DONEGAL</b>: A tweed fabric with colorful slubs woven in, donegal is used for suits and coats.<br />
<br />
<b>DOTTED SWISS:</b> A sheer cotton or cotton blend fabric with small dot motif, dotted swiss is used for dress goods, curtains, baby clothes, etc.<br />
<br />
<b>DOUBLE BACK:</b> A secondary backing glued to the back of carpet, usually to increase<br />
dimensional stability.<br />
<br />
<b>DOUBLE-CLOTH CONSTRUCTION:</b> Two fabrics are woven in the loom at the same time,one fabric on top of the other, with binder threads holding the two fabrics together. The weave on the two fabrics can be different.<br />
<br />
<b>DOUBLE END:</b> Two ends woven as one in a fabric. A double end may be intentional for fabric styling, or accidental, in which case a fabric defect results.<br />
<br />
<b>DOUBLE-KNIT FABRIC:</b> A fabric produced on a circular-knitting machine equipped with two sets of latch needles situated at right angles to each other (dial and cylinder).<br />
<br />
<b>DOUBLE WEAVE:</b> A fabric woven with two systems of warp or filling threads so combined that only one is visible on either side. Cutting the yarns that hold the two cloths together yields two separate cutpile fabrics.<br />
<br />
<b>DOUPPIONI</b>: A rough or irregular yarn made of silk reeled from double or triple cocoons.Fabrics of douppioni have an irregular appearance with long, thin slubs. Douppioni-like yarns are now being spun from polyester and/or rayon staple.<br />
<br />
<b>DOWNDRAFT METIER: </b>A dry-spinning machine in which the airflow within the drying<br />
cabinet is in the same direction as the yarn path (downward).<br />
<br />
<b>DOWNGRADE</b>: In quality control, the lowering of the grade and/or value of a product due to the presence of defects.<br />
<br />
<b>DOWNTWISTER</b>: A cap, ring, or flyer twisting frame.<br />
<br />
<b>DRAFT</b>: In weaving, a pattern or plan for drawing-in.<br />
<br />
<b>DRAFT RATIO:</b> The ratio between the weight or length of fiber fed into various machines and that delivered from the machines in spun yarn manufacture. It represents the reduction in bulk and weight of stock, one of the most important principles in the production of yarn from staple fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>DRAPE</b>: A term to describe the way a fabric falls while it hangs; the suppleness and ability of a fabric to form graceful configurations.<br />
<br />
<b>DRAW-BACK:</b> A crossed end; an end broken during warping that when repaired was not free or was tied in with an adjacent end or ends overlapping the broken end. The end draws or pulls back when unwound on the slasher.<br />
<br />
<b>DRAW DOWN:</b> The amount by which manufactured filaments are stretched following<br />
extrusion.<br />
<br />
<b>DRAW-FRAME BLENDS:</b> Blends of fibers made at the draw frame by feeding in ends of<br />
appropriate card sliver. This method is used when blend uniformity is not a critical factor.<br />
<br />
<b>DRAWING</b>: 1. The process of attenuating or increasing the length per unit weight of laps, slivers,slubbings, or rovings. 2. The hot or cold stretching of continuous filament yarn or tow to align and arrange the crystalline structure of the molecules to achieve<br />
improved tensile properties.<br />
<br />
<b>DRAWING-IN:</b> In weaving, the process of threading warp ends through the eyes of the heddles and the dents of the reed.<br />
<br />
<b>DRAWN TOW:</b> A zero-twist bundle of continuous filaments that has been stretched to achieve molecular orientation. (Tows for staple and spun yarn application are usually crimped.)Drawing Sliver<br />
<br />
<b>DRAW RATIO:</b> The ratio of final to original length per unit weight of yarn, laps, slivers,<br />
slubbings, rovings, etc., resulting from drawing.<br />
<br />
<b>DRAW-SIZING:</b> A system linking drawwarping and sizing in a continuous process.A typical system includes the following elements: (1) creel, (2) eyelet board, (3)warp-draw machine, (4) intermingler, (5)tension compensator and break monitor, (6)sizing bath, (7) dryers, (8) waxing and winding units.<br />
<br />
<b>DRAW-TEXTURING:</b> In the manufacture of thermoplastic fibers, the simultaneous process of drawing to increase molecular orientation and imparting crimp to increase bulk.<br />
<br />
<b>DRAW-TWISTING:</b> The operation of stretching continuous filament yarn to align and order the molecular and crystalline structure in which the yarn is taken up by means of a ring-and-traveler device that inserts a small amount of twist (usually ¼ to ½ turn per inch) into the drawn yarn.<br />
<br />
<b>DRAW-WARPING:</b> A process in which a number of threadlines, usually 800 to 2000 ends of POY feedstock,are oriented under essentially equal mechanical and thermal conditions by a stretching stage using variable speed rolls, then directly wound onto the beam. This process gives uniform end-to-end properties.<br />
<br />
<b>DRAW-WINDING:</b> The operation of stretching continuous filament yarn to align or order<br />
molecular and crystalline structure. The drawn yarn is taken up on a parallel tub or cheese,resulting in a zero-twist yarn.<br />
<br />
<b>DRILL</b>: A strong denim-like material with a diagonal 2 x 1 weave running toward the left<br />
selvage. Drill is often called khaki when it is dyed that color.<br />
<br />
<b>DROPPED STITCHES:</b> A defect in knit cloth characterized by recurrent cuts in one or more wales of a length of cloth.<br />
<br />
<b>DROP STITCH:</b> 1. An open design made in knitting by removing some of the needles at set intervals. 2. A defect in knit fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>DROP WIRES:</b> A stop-motion device utilizing metal wires suspended from warp or creeled yarns. When a yarn breaks, the wire drops, activation the switch that stops the machine.<br />
<br />
<b>DRY CLEANING:</b> Removing dirt and stains from fabrics or garments by processing in organic solvents (chlorinated hydrocarbons or mineral spirits).<br />
<br />
<b>DRY FILLING:</b> The application of finishing chemicals to dry fabric, usually by padding.<br />
<br />
<b>DRY FORMING:</b> The production of fiber webs by methods that do not use water or other liquids, i.e., air-laying or carding.<br />
<br />
<b>DRYING CYLINDERS:</b> Any of a number of heated revolving cylinders for drying fabric or<br />
yarn. They are arranged either vertically or horizontally in sets, with the number varying<br />
according to the material to be dried. They are often internally heated with steam and Tefloncoated to prevent sticking.<br />
<br />
<b>DRY-LAID NONWOVENS:</b> Nonwoven web made from dry fiber. Usually refers to fabrics<br />
from carded webs versus air-laid nonwovens which are formed from random webs.<br />
<br />
<b>DUCK</b>: A compact, firm, heavy, plain weave fabric with a weigh of 6 to 50 ounces per square yard. Plied yarn duck has plied yarn in both warp and filling. Flat duck has a warp of two single yarns woven as one and a filling of either single or plied yarn.<br />
<br />
<b>DULL</b>: A term applied to manufactured fibers that have been chemically or physically modified to reduce their normal luster. Matte; opposite of bright; low in luster.<br />
<br />
<b>DUMBELLS</b>: A defect frequently seen in wet-formed nonwoven fabrics; an unusually long fiber will become entangled with groups of regular-length fibers at each end, thus producing a dumbbell-shaped clump.<br />
<br />
<b>DUNGAREE</b>: A term describing a coarse denim-type fabric, usually dyed blue, that is used for work overalls.<br />
<br />
<b>DURABILITY</b>: A relative term for the resistance of a material to loss of physical properties or appearance as a result of wear or dynamic operation.<br />
<br />
<b>DUST-RESISTANT:</b> A term applied to a fabric that has been tightly woven so that it resists dust penetration.<br />
<br />
<b>DWELL TIME:</b> The time during a process in which a particular substance remains in one<br />
location (e.g., the time during which molten polymer remains in a spinning pack.)<br />
<br />
<b>DYE FLECK:</b> 1. An imperfection in fabric caused by residual undissolved dye. 2. A defect<br />
caused by small sections of undrawn thermoplastic yarn that dye deeper that the drawn yarn.<br />
<br />
<b>DYEING</b>: A process of coloring fibers, yarns, or fabrics with either natural or synthetic dyes.<br />
<br />
<b>DYEING AUXILLARIES:</b> Various substances that can be added to the dyebath to aid dyeing.They may necessary to transfer the dye from the bath to the fiber or they may provide improvements in leveling, penetration, etc. Also call dyeing assistants.<br />
<br />
<b>DYE RANGE:</b> A broad term referring to the collection of dye and chemical baths, drying<br />
equipment, etc., in a continuous-dyeing line.<br />
<br />
<b>DYES</b>: Substances that add color to textiles. They are incorporated into the fiber by chemical reaction, absorption, or dispersion. Dyes differ in their resistance to sunlight, perspiration,washing, gas, alkalies, and other agents; their affinity for different fibers; their reaction to cleaning agents and methods; and their solubility and method of application. <br />
<br />
<b>DYE SITES:</b> Functional groups within a fiber that provide sites for chemical bonding with the dye molecule. Dye sites may be either in the polymer chain or in chemical additives included in the fiber.<br />
<br />
<b>DYNAMIC ADHESION:</b> The ability of a cord-to-rubber bond to resist degradation resulting from flexure.</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-72307165805552206822013-03-21T07:04:00.000-07:002013-03-21T09:53:39.583-07:00Textile Dictionary-E(Letter)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">A</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-bletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">B</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-cletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">C</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-dletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">D</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-eletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">E</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-fletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">F</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-gletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">G</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-hletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">H</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-iletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">I</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-jletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">J</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-kletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">K</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter_20.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">L</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">M</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-nletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">N </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-oletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">O</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-pletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">P</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-qletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Q</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-rletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">R </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-sletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">S</span></a> <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-tletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><u>T</u></span></a></span> </span><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-uletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">U</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-vletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">V</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-wletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">W</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-xletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">X</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-yletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Y</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Z</span></a>
</b></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"></span></a></span>
</span></b>
<br />
<b>Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-E</b><br />
<b>EASE-OF-CARE:</b> A term used to characterize fabrics that, after laundering, can be restored to their original appearance with a minimum of ironing or other treatment. An ease-of-care fabric generally wrinkles only slightly upon laundering.<br />
<br />
<b>EDGE ROLL:</b> The curl that develops on the edge of a single-knit fabric preventing it from lying flat.<br />
<br />
<b>ELASTICITY</b>: The ability of a strained material to recover its original size and shape<br />
immediately after removal of the stress that causes deformation.<br />
<br />
<b>ELASTICIZED FABRIC:</b> A fabric that contains elastic threads. Such fabrics are used for<br />
girdles, garters, and similar items.<br />
<br />
<b>ELASTIC LIMIT:</b> In strength and stretch testing, the load below which the specimen shows elasticity and above which it shows permanent deformation.<br />
<br />
<b>ELASTIC RECOVERY:</b> The degree to which fibers, yarn, or cord returns to its original size and shape after deformation from stress.<br />
<br />
<b>ELASTOMERS</b>: Synthetic polymers having properties of natural rubber such as high<br />
stretchability and recovery.<br />
<br />
<b>ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY:</b> 1. A measure of the ease of transporting electric charge<br />
from one point to another in an electric field. 2. The reciprocal of resistivity.<br />
<br />
<b>ELECTRICAL FINISH:</b> A finish designed to increase or maintain electrical resistivity of a<br />
textile material.<br />
<br />
<b>ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY:</b> The resistance of longitudinal electrical flow through a<br />
uniform rod of unit length and unit cross-sectional area.<br />
<br />
<b>ELMENDORF TEAR TESTER:</b> A tester designer to determine the tearing strength of paper. It is also used to measure the tearing strength of very lightweight fabrics and resin-finished apparel fabrics. A trapezoidal fabric sample is employed.<br />
<br />
<b>ELONGATION</b>: The deformation in the direction of load caused by a tensile force. Elongation is measured in units of length (e.g., millimeters, inches) or calculated as a percentage of the original specimen length. Elongation may be measured at any specified load or at the breaking load.<br />
<br />
<b>ELONGATION AT BREAK:</b> The increase in length when the last component of the specimen breaks.<br />
<br />
<b>EMBOSSING</b>: A calendering process for producing raised or projected figures or designs in relief on fabric surfaces. Embossed surfaces are usually produced on fabrics by engraved, heated rollers that give a raised effect. Embossed velvet or plush is made by shearing the pile to different levels or by pressing part of the pile flat.<br />
<br />
<b>EMBROIDERY</b>: Ornamental designs worked on a fabric with threads. Embroidery may be<br />
done either by hand or by machine.<br />
<br />
<b>EMULSION</b>: A suspension of finely divided liquid droplets in a second liquid, i.e., oil in water or vice versa.<br />
<br />
<b>EMULSION POLYMERIZATION:</b> A three-phase reaction system consisting of monomer, an aqueous phase containing the initiator, and colloidal particles of polymer. Polymerization takes place in the colloidal phase. The process enables the production of very high molecular weights at increased polymerization rates. Only applicable to addition polymers.<br />
<br />
<b>EMULSION SPINNING:</b> The process of spinning synthetic polymers in dispersion form, then heating to coalesce the dispersed particles. Normally a matrix polymer provides support until coalescence is completed.<br />
<br />
<b>ENERGY ABSORPTION:</b> The energy required to break or elongate a fiber to a certain point.<br />
<br />
<b>ENERGY-TO-BREAK:</b> The total energy required to rupture a yarn or cord.<br />
<br />
<b>ENTANGLING</b>: 1. A method of forming a fabric by wrapping and knotting fibers in a web about each other, by mechanical means, or by the use of jets of pressurized water, so as to bond the fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>ENTERING</b>: The process of threading each warp yarn on a loom beam through a separate drop wire, heddle, and reed space in preparation for weaving. This process may be done by hand or by a semiautomatic machine.<br />
<br />
<b>EPITROPIC FIBERS:</b> Fibers with an altered surface property, e.g., electrically conducting, abrasive, etc.<br />
<br />
<b>EPOXY RESIN:</b> In textiles, a compound used in durable-press applications for white fabrics. It provides chlorine resistance but causes loss of tensile strength.<br />
<br />
<b>ESTERIFICATION:</b> The chemical process of combining an acid and an alcohol to form an<br />
ester. Cellulose acetate is an ester formed by the reaction of acetic acid and the hydroxyl groups of cellulose. Polyethylene terephthalate, the most common fiber-forming polyester, is a product of esterification of teraphthalic acid with ethylene glycol.<br />
<br />
<b>ETHYLENE</b>: A petroleum derivative (C2H4) that is the raw material for polyethylene.<br />
<br />
<b>ETHYLENE GLYCOL:</b> A viscous, sweet, colorless liquid, (CH2OHCH2OH). Principal uses<br />
are as an intermediate in the manufacture of polyester fibers and as automobile antifreeze.<br />
<br />
<b>EVENNESS TESTING:</b> Determination of the variation in weight per unit length and thickness of yarns or fibers aggregates such as roving, sliver, or top.<br />
<br />
<b>EXCESSIVE CLEARER WASTE:</b> A higher that normal amount of short and regular fibers that become attached to the drafting rolls and are transferred to the clearer brushes to accumulate in abnormal amounts until they are removed manually.<br />
<br />
<b>EXHAUSTION</b>: During wet processing, the ratio at any time between the amount of dye or substance taken up by the substrate and the amount originally available.<br />
<br />
<b>EXTENDED LENGTH:</b> The length of a face pile yarn required to produce one inch of tufted carpet.<br />
<br />
<b>EXTENSIBILITY</b>: The ability of a materiel to undergo elongation on the application of force.<br />
<br />
<b>EXTRACTABLES</b>: The material that can be removed from textiles by means of a solvent (in many cases, water).<br />
<br />
<b>EXTRACTION</b>: Removal of one substance from another, often accomplished by means of a solvent.<br />
<br />
<b>EXTRUDER</b>: 1. Generally a machine in which molten or semisoft materials are forced under pressure through a die to form continuous tubes, sheets, or fibers. It may consist of a barrel,heating elements, a screw, ram or plunger, and a die through which the material is pushed to give it shape. 2. In fiber manufacture the machine that feeds molten polymer to an extrusion manifold or that first melts the polymer in a uniform manner then feeds it to a manifold and associate D equipment for extrusion.</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-56238850925053731272013-03-21T06:52:00.000-07:002013-03-21T09:54:09.753-07:00Textile Dictionary-F(Letter)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">A</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-bletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">B</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-cletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">C</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-dletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">D</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-eletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">E</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-fletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">F</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-gletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">G</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-hletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">H</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-iletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">I</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-jletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">J</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-kletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">K</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter_20.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">L</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">M</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-nletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">N </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-oletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">O</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-pletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">P</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-qletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Q</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-rletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">R </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-sletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">S</span></a> <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-tletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><u>T</u></span></a></span> </span><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-uletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">U</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-vletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">V</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-wletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">W</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-xletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">X</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-yletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Y</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Z</span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"></span></a>
</span></b><br />
<br />
<b>Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-<span style="font-size: medium;">F</span></b><br />
<b>FABRIC</b>: A planar textile structure produces by interlacing yarns, fibers, or filaments.<br />
<br />
<b>FABRIC CONSTRUCTION:</b> The details of structure of fabric. Includes such information as style, width, type of knit of weave, threads per inch in warp and fill, and weight of goods.<br />
<br />
<b>FABRIC CRIMP:</b> The angulation induced between a yarn and woven fabric via the weaving or braiding process.<br />
<br />
<b>FABRIC CRIMP ANGLE:</b> The maximum acute angle of a single weaving yarn’s direction measured from a plane parallel to the surface of the fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>FABRIC SETT:</b> The number of warp threads per inch, or other convenient unit.<br />
<br />
<b>FABRIC STABILIZER:</b> Resin or latex treatment for scrims used in coated fabric manufacture to stabilize the scrim for further processing.<br />
<br />
<b>FACE</b>: The correct or better-looking side of a fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>FACING</b>: A lining or trim that protects the edges of a garment especially at collars, cuffs, and front closings.<br />
<br />
<b>FACONNÉ</b>: A broad term for fabrics with a fancy-type weave made on a Jacquard or dobby loom.<br />
<br />
<b>FADE-OMETER:</b> Laboratory device used to determine the fastness of a colored fabric to<br />
exposure to light. The test pieces are rotated around a light source simulating the sun’s rays at 45° N latitude in July between the hours of 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. Fabrics are rated by visual comparison with a gray scale according to degree of fading.<br />
<br />
<b>FAILLE</b>: A soft, slightly glossy woven fabric made of silk, rayon, cotton, wool, or manufactured fibers or combinations of these fibers and having a light, flat crossgrain rib or cord made by using heavier yarns in the filling than in the warp.<br />
<br />
<b>FASCIATED YARN:</b> Yarns consisting of a core of discontinuous fibers with little or no twist and surface fibers wrapped around the core bundle.<br />
<br />
<b>FASHIONING</b>: The process of shaping a fabric during knitting by increasing or decreasing the number of needles in action. Fashioning is used in manufacturing hosiery, underwear, and sweaters.<br />
<br />
<b>FATIGUE</b>: Refers to the resistance of a material to weakening or failure during alternate<br />
tension-compression cycles, i.e., in stretch yarns, the loss of ability to recover after having been stretched.<br />
<br />
<b>FELTING</b>: 1. The process of exposing wool fibers alone or in combination with other fibers to mechanical and chemical action, pressure, moisture, and heat so that they tangle, shrink, and mat to form a compact material. Felting is generally carried out in a fulling mill.<br />
<br />
<b>FESTOON DRYER:</b> A dryer in which cloth is suspended in loops over a series of supporting horizontal poles and carried through the heated chamber in this configuration.<br />
<br />
<b>FIBER</b>: A unit of matter, either natural or manufactured, that forms the basic element of fabrics and other textile structures. A fiber is characterized by having a length at<br />
least 100 times its diameter or width. The term refers to units that can be spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by various methods including weaving, knitting, braiding, felting, and twisting. The essential requirements for fibers to be spun into yarn include a length of at least 5 millimeters, flexibility, cohesiveness, and sufficient strength. Other important properties include elasticity, fineness, uniformity, durability, and luster.<br />
<br />
<b>FIBER ARCHITECTURE:</b> The spatial arrangement of fibers in the preform. Each architecture has a definite repeating unit.<br />
<br />
<b>FIBER DISTRIBUTION:</b> In a web, the orientation (random or parallel) of fibers and the<br />
uniformity of their arrangement.<br />
<br />
<b>FIBERFILL</b>: Manufactured fibers that have been specially engineered for use as filling material for pillows, mattress pads, comforters, sleeping bags, quilted outerwear, etc. Polyester fibers are widely used.<br />
<br />
<b>FIBER NUMBER:</b> The linear density of a fiber expressed in units such as denier or tex.<br />
<br />
<b>FIBER PLACEMENT:</b> In general, refers to how the piles are laid into their orientation, i.e., by hand, by a textile process, by a tape layer, or by a filament winder. Tolerances and angles are specified. Microprocessor-controlled placement that gives precise control of each axis of motion permits more intricate winding patterns than are possible with conventional winding and is used to make composites that are more complex that usual filament-wound structures.<br />
<br />
<b>FIBRETS</b>: Very short (<1mm), fine (diameter <50µ) fibrillated fibers that are highly branched and irregular resulting in very high surface area. Fibrets can be produced from a number of substances including acetate, polyester, nylon, and polyolefins. By selection of polymer type and incorporation of additives, they can be engineered to meet a range of specialized requirements.<br />
<br />
<b>FIBRIDS</b>: Short, irregular fibrous products, made by mixing a dilute polymer solution with a nonsolvent with agitation. They can also be made by flash spinning and breaking up the resulting filaments. Used in felts, in papermaking, for filtration product, etc.<br />
<br />
<b>FIBRIL</b>: A tiny threadlike element of a synthetic or natural fiber.<br />
<br />
<b>FIBRILLATION</b>: The act or process of forming fibrils. The act of breaking up a fiber, plastic sheet, or similar material into the minute fibrous elements from which the main structure is formed.<br />
<br />
<b>FILAMENT</b>: A fiber of an indefinite or extreme length such as found naturally in silk.<br />
Manufactured fibers are extruded into filaments that are converted into filament yarn, staple, or tow.<br />
<br />
<b>FILAMENT COUNT:</b> The number of individual filaments that make up a thread or yarn.<br />
<br />
<b>FILAMENT NUMBER:</b> The linear density of a filament expressed in units such as denier or tex.<br />
<br />
<b>FILAMENT WINDING:</b> In the fabrication of composites, the process of placing reinforcing fibers over a rotating form, (mandrel) to make the product shape. Prepreg fibers or dry fibers that are treated in a resin bath immediately prior to winding may be used. The wound form can be cured or consolidated after the fiber winding is complete to product specifications.<br />
<br />
<b>FILAMENT YARN:</b> A yarn composed of continuous filaments assembled with or without twist.<br />
<br />
<b>FILLER</b>: A nonfibrous material added to a fabric to increase its weight or to modify its<br />
appearance or hand. Also referred to as back-sizing. Examples of fillers are insoluble clays or gypsum, starches, and gums.<br />
<br />
<b>FILLET</b>: A long, narrow strip of wire card clothing with which the doffer and cylinder of the card are spirally wrapped.<br />
<br />
<b>FILLING</b>: In a woven fabric, the yarn running from selvage to selvage at right angles to the warp. Each crosswise length is called a pick. In the weaving process, the filling yarn is carried by the shuttle or other type of yarn carrier.<br />
<br />
<b>FILTER AID:</b> A powder added to a solution to be filtered that forms a porous bed to improve filtration.<br />
<br />
<b>FILTER CLOTH:</b> Any cloth used for filtering purposed. Nylon, polyester, vinyon, PBI, and glass fibers are often used in such fabrics because they are not affected by most chemicals.<br />
<br />
<b>FINDINGS</b>: 1. Miscellaneous items attached to garments and shoes during manufacture.<br />
Included are buttons, hooks, snaps, and ornaments. 2. Miscellaneous fabrics in garments such a zipper tapes, linings, pockets, waistbands, and facings.<br />
<br />
<b>FINENESS</b>: 1. A relative measure of fiber size expressed in denier or tex for manufactured fibers. For cotton, fineness is expressed as the mean fiber weight in micrograms per inch. For wool, fineness is the mean fiber width or mean fiber diameter expressed in microns (to the nearest 0.001-millimeter). 2. For yarn fineness, see YARN NUMBER. 3. For fineness of knit fabrics, see GAUGE.<br />
<br />
<b>FINES</b>: Particles or dust of polymer formed during the process of cutting to produce chip.<br />
<br />
<b>FINE STRUCTURE:</b> Orientation, crystallinity, and molecular morphology of polymers,<br />
including fiber-forming polymers.<br />
<br />
<b>FINGER MARK:</b> A defect of woven fabrics that is seen as an irregular spot showing variation in picks per inch for a limited width. Causes are spreading of warp ends while the loom is in motion and pressure on the fabric between the reed and take-up drum.<br />
<br />
<b>FINISH</b>: 1. A substance or mixture of substances added to textile materials to impart desired properties. 2. A process, physical or chemical, performed on textile materials to produce a desired effect. 3. A property, such as smoothness, drape, luster, water repellency, flame retardancy, or crease resistance that is produced by 1 and/or 2 above. 4. The state of a textile material as it leaves a process.<br />
<br />
<b>FINISH COMPOSITION (YARD):</b> Physical and chemical analysis of the lubricant applied to yarns to reduce friction and improve processibility.<br />
<br />
<b>FINISHED FABRIC:</b> Fabric that is ready for the market, having passed through the necessary finishing processes.<br />
<br />
<b>FINISHING</b>: All the processes through which fabric is passed after bleaching, dyeing, or<br />
printing in preparation for the market or use. Finishing includes such operations as heat-setting,napping, embossing, pressing, calendering, and the application of chemicals that change the character of the fabric. The term finishing is also sometimes used to refer collectively to all processing operations above, including bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.<br />
<br />
<b>FINISHING BAR:</b> A noticeable streak across the entire width of a fabric, usually caused by machine stoppage during processing.<br />
<br />
<b>FINISHING SPOT:</b> A discolored area on a fabric caused by foreign material such as dirt,<br />
grease, or rust.<br />
<br />
<b>FINISH TURNS:</b> The actual degree of twist in the final yarn product.<br />
<br />
<b>FIRE-BLOCKING LAYER:</b> A fabric layer composed of fibers with flame-retardant properties used in aircraft seat cushions and other upholstery constructions to decrease the overall flammability of the total construction by preventing access of flame to the body of the construction.<br />
<br />
<b>FIRST-ORDER TRANSITION TEMPERATURE:</b> The temperature at which a polymer<br />
freezes or melts.<br />
<br />
<b>FISSURE</b>: A very minute crack or opening in a material that frequently leads to the breaking or rupture of the material.<br />
<b>FIXATION</b>: The process of setting a dye after dyeing of printing, usually by steaming or other heat treatment.<br />
<br />
<b>FLAKE</b>: As used by Celanese, a term that refers to the granular form in which cellulose acetate and triacetate polymers exist prior to dissolving or feeding into the extrusion or molding unit.<br />
<br />
<b>FLAKE YARN:</b> Yarn in which roving or short, soft staple fibers are inserted at intervals<br />
between long filament binder yarns.<br />
<br />
<b>FLAKY WEB:</b> A web at the card that shows thick and thin places, approximately 1 to 6 square inches in size. This indicates that, instead of a free flow of fibers through the card, either an uneven amount has been fed into the card, or groups of fibers have hesitated in the card and then dropped back into production.<br />
<br />
<b>FLAME RESISTANT:</b> A term used to describe a material that burns slowly or is self extinguishing after removal of an external source of ignition. A fabric or yarn can be flame resistance because of the innate properties of the fiber, the twist level of the yarn, the fabric construction, or the presence of flame retardants, or because of a combination of these factors.<br />
<br />
<b>FLAME RETARDANT:</b> A chemical compound that can be incorporated into a textile fiber<br />
during manufacture or applied to a fiber, fabric, or other textile item during processing or use to reduce its flammability.<br />
<br />
<b>FLANGE CRIMPING:</b> Simultaneous crimping of two ends of yarn by using heated snubber pins, then combining both ends on a draw roll after they contact a rubber flange on the draw roll.<br />
<br />
<b>FLANNEL</b>: Mediumweight plain- or twill-weave, slightly napped fabric, usually of wool or<br />
cotton, but may be made of other fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>FLAPPER</b>: The movable side of a fiber-crimping chamber that periodically opens or flaps to permit crimped fiber to be expelled from the chamber.<br />
<br />
<b>FLASH AGEING:</b> A process for rapid reduction and fixation of vat dyes obtained when the printed fabric is padded with caustic soda and sodium hydrosulfite and immediately steamed in air-free steam.<br />
<br />
<b>FLAT</b>: In carding, one of the parts forming an endless chain that partially surrounds the upper portion of the cylinder and gives the name to a revolving flat card. Flats are made of cast iron, Tshaped in section, about 1 inch wide, and as long as the width of the cylinder. One side of the flat is nearly covered with fine card clothing, and the flats are set close to the teeth of the cylinder so as to work point against point. A chain of flats contains approximately 110 flats and operates at a surface speed of about 3 inches per minute.<br />
<br />
<b>FLAT CARD:</b> The type of card used for cotton fibers and for cotton-system processing. It is named for the flat wire brushes called flats that are assembled on an endless chain that partially surrounds the main cylinder. The staple is worked between the flats and cylinder, transferred to a doffer roll, and peeled off as a web that is condensed into a sliver.<br />
<br />
<b>FLAT-KNIT FABRIC:</b> 1. A fabric made on a flat-knitting machine, as distinguished from<br />
tubular fabrics made on a circular-knitting machine. While tricot and milanese warp-knit fabrics (non-run) are knit in flat form, the trade uses the term flat-knit fabric to refer to weft-knits fabrics made on a flat machine, rather than warp-knit fabrics. 2. A term used in the underwear trade for plain stitch fabrics made on a circular-knitting machine. These fabrics have a flat surface and are often called flat-knit fabrics to differentiate them from ribbed-knit or Swiss rib fabrics. In this case, the term refers to the texture, not the type of machine on which the fabric was knit.<br />
<br />
<b>FLAT-KNITTING MACHINE:</b> A weft-knitting machine with needles arranged in a straight<br />
line in a flat plate called the bed. The yarn travels alternately back and forth, and the fabric may be shaped or varied in width, as desired, during the knitting process. Lengthwise edges are selvages. Flat-knitting machines may be divided into two types: latch-needle machines for sweaters, scarves, and similar articles and fine spring-needle machines for full-fashioned hosiery.<br />
<br />
<b>FLATSPOTTING</b>: A characteristic of certain tire cords. It occurs with all materials but is more noticeable with nylon cord and is associated with nylon cord by users. Nylon exerts a shrinkage force as it becomes heated in tire operation. When the tire is stopped under load, the cord in the road-contact portion of the tire is under less tension than that in other portions of the tire, and it shrinks to conform to the flat surface of the road. When cooled in this position, the cord maintains the flat spot until it again reaches its glass transition temperature in use.<br />
<br />
<b>FLAX</b>: The plant from which the cellulosic fiber linen is obtained.<br />
<br />
<b>FLEECE FABRIC:</b> A fabric with a thick, heavy surface resembling sheep’s wool. It may be a pile or napped fabric of either woven or knit construction.<br />
<br />
<b>FLEXIBILITY</b>: 1. The ability to be flexed or bowed repeatedly without rupturing. 2. A term relating to the hand of fabric, referring to ease of bending and ranging from pliable (high) to stiff (low).<br />
<br />
<b>FLEXURAL FATIGUE:</b> A physical property expressed by the number of times a material can be bent on itself through a prescribed angle before it ruptures or loses its ability to recover.<br />
<br />
<b>FLEXURAL RIGIDITY:</b> This measure of a material’s resistance to bending is calculated by<br />
multiplying the material’s weight per unit area by the cube of its bending length.<br />
<br />
<b>FLOAT</b>: 1. The portion of a warp or filling yarn that extends over two or more adjacent filling picks or warp ends in weaving for the purpose of forming certain designs. 2. In a knit fabric, a portion of yarn that extends for some length without being knitted in. 3. A fabric defect consisting of an end lying or floating on the cloth surface instead of being woven in properly.Floats are usually caused by slubs, knot-tails, knots, or fly waste, or sometimes by ends being drawn in heddle eyes incorrectly or being twisted around heddle wires.<br />
<br />
<b>FLOCCULATING</b>: Coagulating or coalescing a material into a small, loosely aggregated mass.<br />
<br />
<b>FLOCK</b>: The material obtained by reducing textile fibers to fragments by cutting or grinding.There are two main types: precision cut flock, where all fiber lengths are approximately equal,and random cut flock, where the fibers are ground or chopped to produce a broad range of lengths.<br />
<br />
<b>FLOCKING</b>: A method of cloth ornamentation in which adhesive is printed or coated on a fabric, and finely chopped fibers are applied all over by means of dusting, air-blasting, or electrostatic attraction. In flock printing, the fibers adhere only to the printed areas and are removed from the unprinted areas by mechanical action.<br />
<br />
<b>FLUFFING</b>: A term describing the appearance of a carpet after loose fiber fragments left during manufacture have worked their way to the surface. Fluffing is not a defect; it is simply a characteristic of new carpets that disappears with vacuuming.<br />
<br />
<b>FLUORESCENCE</b>: Emission of electromagnetic radiation, usually as visible light, that is<br />
caused by the flow of energy into the emitting body. The emission ceases abruptly when the excitation ceases.<br />
<br />
<b>FLY</b>: The short, waste fibers that are released into the air in textile processing operations such as picking, carding, spinning, and weaving.<br />
<br />
<b>FLYER WASTE:</b> During the roving operation, flyer waste refers to fibers that free themselves by centrifugal force from the regular bulk of roving and accumulate on the flyers and adjacent machinery.<br />
<br />
<b>FOAM</b>: Dispersion of gas in a liquid or solid. The gas bubbles may be any size. The term<br />
covers a wide range of useful products such as insulating foam, cushions, etc. It also describes the undesirable froth in polymer melts, dyebaths, etc.<br />
<br />
<b>FOLDED SELVAGE:</b> A curled selvage.<br />
<br />
<b>FOREIGN WASTE:</b> Thread waste or lint that is twisted in the yarn or woven in the fabric. If such foreign matter is of a different fiber, it may dye differently and thus show plainly.<br />
<br />
<b>FORMALDEYDE</b>: A one-carbon aldehyde, (CH2O), it is a colorless, pungent gas at room<br />
temperature. This compound is used primarily for disinfectant and preservative and in<br />
synthesizing other compounds and resins.<br />
<br />
<b>FOULARD</b>: A lightweight, lustrous 2/2 twill that is usually printed with small figures on a solid background, foulard is frequently used in men’s ties. Foulards are made of silk, filament polyester, acetate, etc.<br />
<br />
<b>FRAME</b>: 1. A general term for many machines used in yarn manufacturing such as the drawing frame, roving frame, and spinning frame. 2. See TENTER FRAME.<br />
<br />
<b>FRAYING</b>: The slipping or raveling of yarns from unfinished edges of cloth.<br />
<br />
<b>FREE-WHEELING:</b> In reference to rolls, spinning without the application of either driving or braking force.<br />
<br />
<b>FRENCHBACK</b>: A fabric with a corded twill backing of different weave than the face. The<br />
backing, which is frequently of inferior yarn, gives added weight, warmth, and stability to the cloth.<br />
<br />
<b>FREQUENCY</b>: In uniform circular motion or in any periodic motion, the number of revolutions or cycles completed in unit time.<br />
<br />
<b>FROST MARKS:</b> A defect of woven fabric consisting of surface highlights that give a frosted appearance. Frost marks are caused by improper sizing or insufficient warp tension as a result of uneven bending of some warp ends over the picks.<br />
<br />
<b>FULL-FASHIONED:</b> A term applied to fabrics produced on a flat-knitting machine, such as hosiery, sweater, and underwear, that have been shaped by adding or reducing stitches.<br />
<br />
<b>FULLING</b>: A finishing process used in the manufacture of woolen and worsted fabrics. The cloth is subjected to moisture, heat friction, chemicals, and pressure which cause it<br />
to mat and shrink appreciably in both the warp and filling directions, resulting in a denser, more compact fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>FUSED ACETATE: </b>1. A hard particle of acetate material of almost any shape or size other than recognizable fiber.Sometimes fused acetate particles resemble rock-like,<br />
hardened drops of acetate dope; in other cases fused acetate consists of particles covered with fiber clusters and completely hardened in the center. 2. Acetate yarns in which the individual filaments are coalesced.<br />
<br />
<b>FUSED FILAMENTS:</b> A group of filaments bonded together in a tow by drips or frictional<br />
effects and thereby resistant to filament separation and crimp deregistering.<br />
<br />
<b>FUSED RIBBON:</b> Acetate fabrics in wide widths may be cut into narrow ones by the application of heat. A hot knife blade caused the edges to sear and bead, thereby doing away with selvages on the edges of the goods.<br />
<br />
<b>FUSING</b>: 1. Melting. 2. Uniting, as by melting together.<br />
<br />
<b>FUZZINESS</b>: 1. A term describing a woven fabric defect characterized by a hairy appearance due to broken fibers or filaments. Principle causes are underslashed warp; rough drop wires, heddles, or reed; fabric slippage on take-up drum; rough shuttles; cut glass, dents, or reeds in warper; and damage in slashing. 2. A term describing a fabric intentionally made with a hairy surface; such fabrics are usually produced from spun yarns.</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-81436935965614717962013-03-20T12:43:00.002-07:002013-03-21T09:54:29.602-07:00Textile Dictionary-G(Letter)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">A</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-bletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">B</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-cletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">C</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-dletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">D</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-eletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">E</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-fletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">F</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-gletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">G</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-hletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">H</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-iletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">I</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-jletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">J</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-kletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">K</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter_20.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">L</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">M</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-nletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">N </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-oletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">O</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-pletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">P</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-qletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Q</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-rletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">R </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-sletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">S</span></a> <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-tletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><u>T</u></span></a></span> </span><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-uletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">U</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-vletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">V</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-wletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">W</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-xletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">X</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-yletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Y</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Z</span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"></span></a>
</span></b><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-G</b><br />
<b>GABARDINE</b>: A firm, durable, warp-faced cloth, showing a decided twill line, usually a 45° or 63° right-hand twill.<br />
<br />
<b>GAITING</b>: The spacing of the needles in the dial and cylinder in relation to each other on rib (double-knit) and interlock knitting machines. In rib gaiting, the dial needles are midway between the cylinder needles. For interlock gaiting the dial and cylinder needles are in direct alignment.<br />
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<b>GALATEA</b>: A sturdy, serviceable, warp-effect, five-shaft, left-hand twill-weave fabric,<br />
frequently cotton or a cotton blend, used for children’s play clothes.<br />
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<b>GAMMA CELLULOSE:</b> One of the three forms of cellulose. With beta cellulose it is called hemicellulose.<br />
<br />
<b>GARNETTING</b>: A process for reducing various textile waste materials to fiber by passing them through a machine called a garnett, that is similar to a card.<br />
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<b>GAS FADING:</b> A change of shade of dyed fabric caused by chemical reaction between certain disperse dyes and acid gases from fuel combustion, particularly oxides of nitrogen.<br />
<br />
<b>GAUGE</b>: 1. A generic term for various measurement instruments such as pressure or thickness gauges. 2. The number of needles per given distance in a knitting machine. 3. The thickness of the knitting needle in the shank and the hook. 4. The number of wales per inch in a knit fabric. 5.On spinning or twisting frames, the distance from the center of one spindle to the center of the next spindle in the same row.<br />
<br />
<b>GAUGE WIRE:</b> Used with an extra filling yarn during weaving, this type of standing wire<br />
controls the height of fabric pile.<br />
<br />
<b>GAUZE</b>: A thin, sheer-woven fabric in which each filling yarn in encircled by two warp yarns twisted around each other, gauze is similar to cheesecloth. It may by made of silk, cotton, wool, or manufactured fibers.Cotton gauze is primarily for surgical dressings.<br />
<br />
<b>GEL</b>: 1. A colloid in which the dispersed particles have combined with the continuous phase to produce a viscous, jelly-like product. 2. Degraded polymer occurring in process lines. Usually seen as specks in polymer or yarn.<br />
<br />
<b>GEOGRID</b>: Manufactured polymer constructions characterized by large openings made by one of the following methods: (1) coating woven or knit products to form a grid; (2) welding oriented strands to form a grid; (3) punching holes in flat sheets then drawing them to align the polymer molecules. Used for soil stabilization, drainage, and erosion control applications. <br />
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<b>GINGHAM</b>: A woven fabric characterized by a block or check effect produced by weaving in dyed yarns at fixed intervals in both the warp and the filling.<br />
<br />
<b>GLAZING</b>: 1. A finishing process that produces a smooth, highly polished, or lustrous surface on a fabric such as chintz. The fabric is treated with starch, glue, paraffin, or shellac, then friction calendered. Synthetic resins are used for a more permanent finish. 2. A shiny fabric appearance produced unintentionally, e.g., by pressing at excessive temperature.<br />
<br />
<b>GLOBAL RADIATION:</b> The wavelength distribution of sunlight under a given environment (e.g., under windowpane glass).<br />
<br />
<b>GODET ROLL:</b> Roll used for transporting and controlling the movement of bundles of fibers and yarns in the processing of these materials.<br />
<br />
<b>GOUT</b>: Foreign matter that is accidentally woven into a fabric. It is usually fly or waste that drops into the loom during weaving or that catches in yarns during spinning.<br />
<br />
<b>GRAB STRENGTH TEST:</b> A method for measuring the breaking strength of a fabric sample by mounting the sample in the tensile tester so that only a part of the width of the specimen is gripped in the clamps.<br />
<br />
<b>GRAFT COPOLYMER:</b> A copolymer having branches of varying length made up of different monomer units on a common “backbone” chain.<br />
<br />
<b>GRAPHITE FIBER:</b> Although the terms carbon and graphite are used interchangeably to<br />
describe these fibers, graphite fibers are more accurately defined as fibers that are 99+% carbonized while the term carbon is used for any fiber carbonized to 93 to 95% or more.<br />
<br />
<b>GREEN TACK:</b> A term used in fabric bonding for the preliminary bond created in the first stage of curing by the wet adhesive process. At this point, the bond is not fully cured and hence is “green.”<br />
<br />
<b>GREIGE FABRIC:</b> An unfinished fabric just off the loom or knitting machine.<br />
<br />
<b>GRENADINE</b>: 1. A fine, loosely woven fabric in leno weave made with dyed filling yarns and having a clipped dobby design. 2. A silk cord constructed by twisting together several twisted strands.<br />
<br />
<b>GREX</b>: 1. A unit of linear density equal to the weight in grams of 10 kilometers of yarn,<br />
filament, fiber, or other textile strand. 2. The system of yarn numbering based on the use of grex units.<br />
<br />
<b>GRINNING</b>: 1. A flaw in fabric, especially a ribbed fabric, that occurs when warp threads show through the covering filling threads or when the threads have slipped leaving open spaces on either side. 2. A condition that occurs when the carpet backing shows through the pile. 3. A printing term referring to either poor cover where the background shade shows through the print,or to the “two-tone” appearance of a shade printed with incompatible dyes.<br />
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<b>GRIPPER LOOMS:</b> Shuttleless looms. These looms employ a projectile with a jaw that grips the end of the filling yarn during the insertion of the pick.<br />
<br />
<b>GROSGRAIN</b>: A heavy fabric with prominent ribs, grosgrain has a dressy appearance and is used in ribbons, vestments, and ceremonial cloths.<br />
<br />
<b>GROUND COLOR:</b> A term describing the plain background color against which a design is created.<br />
<br />
<b>GUIDE BAR:</b> A mechanism on a warp-knitting machine that directs warp threads to the latch needles.<br />
<br />
<b>GUIDES</b>: Fittings of various shapes for controlling the path of a threadline.<br />
<br />
<b>GUILLOTINE</b>: Cutting device that consists of a single blade that descends between guides for chopping fibers, plastic strands, etc.</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-23983593942296185052013-03-20T12:34:00.001-07:002013-03-21T09:54:45.486-07:00Textile Dictionary-H(Letter)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">A</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-bletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">B</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-cletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">C</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-dletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">D</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-eletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">E</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-fletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">F</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-gletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">G</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-hletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">H</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-iletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">I</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-jletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">J</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-kletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">K</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter_20.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">L</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">M</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-nletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">N </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-oletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">O</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-pletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">P</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-qletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Q</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-rletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">R </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-sletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">S</span></a> <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-tletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><u>T</u></span></a></span> </span><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-uletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">U</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-vletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">V</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-wletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">W</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-xletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">X</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-yletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Y</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Z</span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"></span></a>
</span></b><br />
<br />
<b>Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-H</b><br />
<b>HAND</b>: The tactile qualities of a fabric, e.g., softness, firmness, elasticity, fineness, resilience, and other qualities perceived by touch.<br />
<br />
<b>HAND-BLOCKED PRINT:</b> A fabric that has been printed by hand with wooden or linoleum blocks.<br />
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<b>HANG PICK:</b> A pick that is caught on a warp yarn knot for a short distance which produces a triangular hole in the fabric. Hang picks usually result from knots that are tied incorrectly, shuttle tension that is too loose, or harness that is timed too early.<br />
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<b>HANK</b>: 1. A skein of yarn. 2. A standard length of slubbing, roving, or yarn. The length is specified by the yarn numbering system in use; e.g., cotton hanks have a length of 840 yards. 3.A term applied to slubbing or roving that indicates the yarn number (count); e.g., a 1.5 hank roving.<br />
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<b>HARD FIBER:</b> Stiff, elongated fibers obtained from leaves or stems of plants. Coarse and stiff,they are used in matting and industrial products.<br />
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<b>HARDNESS</b>: 1. When used in reference to water, hardness is the total parts per million (ppm) of calcium an CaCO3 plus the magnesium expressed as equivalent CaCO3 [ppm hardness (as CaCO3) = (ppm Ca x 2.497 + ppm Mg x 4.116)]. 2. Used in reference to pulp to denote the degree of delignification.<br />
<br />
<b>HARD SIZE:</b> A condition found in areas of fabric where the warp contains an excessive quantity of sizing.<br />
<br />
<b>HARNESS</b>: A frame holding the heddles in position in the loom during weaving.<br />
<br />
<b>HARNESS CHAIN:</b> A mechanism used to control the vertical movements of the harness, or shaft, on a loom.<br />
<br />
<b>HARSH FIBER:</b> Fiber that is rough or coarse to the touch, but not fused or bonded filaments.<br />
<br />
<b>HEAD END:</b> 1. The beginning of a new piece of fabric in the loom that bears appropriate identification. 2. A small sample of fabric that may be submitted to a customer for approval.<br />
<br />
<b>HEATHER YARN:</b> A term describing mottled or melange-type yarns.<br />
<br />
<b>HEAT RESISTANCE:</b> A property of certain fibers or yarns whereby they resist<br />
degradation at high temperature. Heat resistance may be an inherent property of the fiber-forming polymer or it may be imparted by additives or treatment during manufacture.<br />
<br />
<b>HEAT-SETTING:</b> The process of conferring dimensional stability and often other desirable properties such as wrinkle resistance and improved heat resistance to manufactured fibers, yarns, and fabrics by means of either moist of dry heat.<br />
<br />
<b>HEAT STABILIZED:</b> A term to describe fiber or yarn heat-treated to reduce the tendency of the fiber to shrink or elongate under load at elevated temperature.<br />
<br />
<b>HEAVYEND</b>: 1. The higher boiling fraction in distillation.<br />
<br />
<b>HEDDLE</b>: A cord, round steel wire, or thin flat steel strip with a loop or eye near the center through which one or more warp threads pass on the loom so that the thread movement may be controlled in weaving. The heddles are held at both ends by the harness frame. They control the weave pattern and shed as the harnesses are raised and lowered during weaving.<br />
<br />
<b>HELIX ANGLE:</b> 1. The angle formed by the path of a ply and the major axis in a yarn or tire cord. 2. The angle between the tangent to a yarn and the minor axis of the package on which it is wound. Also called wind angle.<br />
<br />
<b>HEMICELLULOSES</b>: The principal noncellulosic polysaccharides in wood. Wood contains 28 to 35% hemicelluloses, the balance being cellulose and lignin.<br />
<br />
<b>HEMP</b>: A coarse, durable bast fiber of Cannabis sativa found all over the world. Used primarily for twines, cordage, halyards, and tarred riggings.<br />
<br />
<b>HERRINGBONE</b>: A broken twill weave characterized by a balanced zigzag effect produced by having the rib run first to the right and then to the left for an equal number of threads.<br />
<br />
<b>HESSIAN</b>: A name for burlap used in the United Kingdom, India, and parts or Europe.<br />
<br />
<b>HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE:</b> 1,6-diaminohexane, (H2N(CH2)6NH2). It is used in the<br />
polymerization reaction to form nylon 66.<br />
<br />
<b>HIGH DENSITY:</b> A term to describe a material with heavier than normal weight per unit<br />
volume.<br />
<br />
<b>HIGHLOFT</b>: General term for a fiber structure containing more air than fiber. Specifically, a lofty, low-density nonwoven structure that is used for applications such as fiberfill, insulation,health care, personal protection and cleaning material.<br />
<br />
<b>HIGH-LOW PILE:</b> A pile construction characterized by the presence of two or more pile heights. High-low pile carpets sometimes combine looped and cut surface yarns.<br />
<br />
<b>HIGH MODULUS:</b> A term that refers to a material with a higher than normal resistance to deformation. (Also see MODULUS.)<br />
<br />
<b>HIGH pH FINISH:</b> A finish, basic in nature rather than acid or neutral, that is applied to yarn or fiber.<br />
<br />
<b>HIGH-SHRINK STAPLE:</b> Staple with a higher degree of potential shrinkage than regular staple of the same generic fiber. When blended with regular staple and treated (in yarn or fabric form) to induce shrinkage, it produces a high degree of bulk in the product.<br />
<br />
<b>HIGH TENACITY:</b> A term to describe a material with a higher than normal tensile strength.<br />
<br />
<b>HOLES (TOW):</b> In tow opening processes, partial or complete filament breakage within a confined spread of tow, usually circular or oval in shape. Not to be confused with splitting or partial crimp deregistration, which are linear.<br />
<br />
<b>HOLLAND FINISH:</b> A glazed or unglazed finish containing oil and a filling material. The<br />
finish is applied to cotton fabrics to make them opaque or semiopaque. The resultant fabric resembles a beetled linen fabric called Holland fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>HOLLOW FILAMENT FIBERS:</b> Manufactured, continuous filament fibers, having voids<br />
created by introduction of air or other gas in the polymer solution or by melt spinning through specially designed spinnerets.<br />
<br />
<b>HOMESPUN</b>: Coarse plain-weave fabric of uneven yarns that have a handspun appearance.<br />
<br />
<b>HONAN</b>: A pongee-type fabric of the very best Chinese wild silk. Honan is sometimes woven with blue edges.<br />
<br />
<b>HOPSACKING</b>: A coarse, open, basket-weave fabric that gets its name from the plain-weave fabric of jute or hemp used for sacking in which hops are gathered.<br />
<br />
<b>HOT-AIR SHRINKAGE:</b> Generally, the reduction in the dimensions of a fabric, yarn, or fiber induced by exposure to dry heat. Specifically, a fundamental property of fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>HOT-HEAD PRESS:</b> A pressing machine capable of generating high temperatures and<br />
pressures. Used for pressing and processing permanent-press fabrics.<br />
<br />
<b>HOT-MELT ADHESIVE:</b> A solid material that melts quickly upon heating, then sets to a firm bond upon cooling. Use of this type adhesive provides almost instantaneous bonding.<br />
<br />
<b>HOUNDSTOOTH</b>: A term describing a medium-sized broken-check effect; the check is actually a four pointed star.<br />
<br />
<b>HUCKABACK</b>: A heavy, serviceable toweling made with slackly twisted filling yarns to aid absorption. The cloth has a honeycomb effect.<br />
<br />
<b>HYBRID COMPOSITE:</b> Advanced composite with a combination of different high-strength continuous filaments in the matrix. Also,composite in which continuous and staple fibers are used in the same matrix.<br />
<br />
<b>HYBRID FABRIC:</b> Fabric for composite manufacture in which two or more different yarns are used in the fabric construction. This provides design flexibility to meet performance<br />
requirements and controls cost by permitting some lower priced fibers to be used.<br />
<br />
<b>HYBRID YARN:</b> In aerospace textiles, a yarn having more than one component. <br />
<br />
<b>HYDROENTANGLING</b>: Process for forming a fabric by mechanically wrapping and knotting fibers in a web through the use of high-velocity jets or curtains of water.<br />
<br />
<b>HYDROGENATION</b>: The process of passing hydrogen into an unsaturated chemical in the presence of a catalyst to convert the material to a more saturated state (i.e., containing more combined hydrogen.)<br />
<br />
<b>HYDROLYSIS</b>: A double decomposition reaction involving the addition of the elements of<br />
water and the formation of an acid and a base, an acid and an alcohol, or an acid and phenol.<br />
<br />
<b>HYDROPHILIC</b>: Having strong affinity for or the ability to absorb water.<br />
<br />
<b>HYDROPHOBIC</b>: Lacking affinity for or the ability to absorb water.<br />
<br />
<b>HYDROSCOPIC</b>: Having the ability to absorb moisture from the atmosphere. All fibers have this property in varying degrees.<br />
<br />
<b>HYDROXYL END GROUP:</b> A polymer chain-terminating (-OH) group.<br />
<br />
<b>HYSTERESIS:</b> 1. In tire cord, a measurement of work lost through heat during dynamic<br />
operation. 2. In tensile testing, loss of linear recovery following repeated loading and relaxation.</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-15691612762907950812013-03-20T12:22:00.000-07:002013-03-21T09:55:03.716-07:00Textile Dictionary-I(Letter)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">A</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-bletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">B</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-cletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">C</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-dletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">D</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-eletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">E</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-fletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">F</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-gletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">G</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-hletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">H</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-iletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">I</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-jletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">J</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-kletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">K</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter_20.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">L</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">M</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-nletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">N </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-oletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">O</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-pletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">P</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-qletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Q</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-rletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">R </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-sletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">S</span></a> <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-tletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><u>T</u></span></a></span> </span><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-uletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">U</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-vletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">V</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-wletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">W</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-xletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">X</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-yletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Y</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Z</span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"></span></a>
</span></b><br />
<br />
<b>Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-I</b><br />
<b>IMBIBITION</b>: A measure of the liquid or water-holding capacity of a textile material.<br />
<br />
<b>IMMEDIATE ELASTIC DEFORMATION:</b> Recoverable deformation that is essentially<br />
independent of time, i.e., occurring in (a time approaching) zero time and recoverable in (a time approaching) zero time after removal of the applied load.<br />
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<b>IMPACT RESISTANCE:</b> 1. The resistance of a material to fracture by a blow, expressed in terms of the amount of energy absorbed before fracture. 2. In yarn or cord, the ability to withstand instantaneous or rapid rate of loading.<br />
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<b>IMPREGNATED FABRIC:</b> A fabric in which the interstices between the yarns are completely filled, as compared to sized or coated material where the interstices are not completely filled. Not included in the definition is a woven fabric constructed from impregnated yarns, rather than one impregnated after weaving.<br />
<br />
<b>INDEX OF REFRACTION:</b> Ratio of the velocity of light in one medium to its velocity in a second medium as the light passes from medium to medium. If a medium is crystalline, the velocity may depend on the direction of the light with respect to the crystalline axes and the substance may have several indexes of refraction, i.e., it may be birefringent. <br />
<br />
<b>INDIGO</b>: Originally, a natural blue vat dye extracted from plants, especially the Indigofera tinctoria plant. Most indigo dyes today are synthetic. They are frequently used on dungarees anddenims.<br />
<br />
<b>INFLATABLE STUCTURES:</b> Structures opened or enlarged by input of air and, once enlarged,able to retain the air to maintain the distended position.<br />
<br />
<b>INFLOW QUENCH:</b> Cooling air for extruded polymer filaments that is directed radially inward across the path of the filaments. The threadline is completely enclosed in a quench cabinet in inflow quenching.<br />
<br />
<b>INHERENT FLAME RESISTANCE:</b> As applied to textiles, flame resistance that derives from an essential characteristic of the fiber from which the textile is made.<br />
<br />
<b>INHIBITOR</b>: A substance that retards or prevents a chemical or physical change. In textiles, a chemical agent that is added to prevent fading, degradation, or other undesirable effects.<br />
<br />
<b>INITIAL MODULUS:</b> The slope of the initial straight portion of the stressstrain curve. The modulus is the ratio of the change in stress, expressed in newtons per tex, grams-force per tex, or grams-force per denier, to the change in strain expressed<br />
as a fraction of the original length.<br />
<br />
<b>INITIATOR</b>: A chemical added to start a reaction such as polymerization. Unlike catalysts,<br />
initiators may be consumed during the reaction.<br />
<br />
<b>INSPECTION</b>: The process of examining textiles for defects at any stage of manufacturing and finishing.<br />
<br />
<b>INTAGLIO</b>: 1. Printing style in which the design is cut into the surface of the cylinder and is thus below the surface. 2. A lustrous, brocade pattern knitted in a tricot fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>INTENSITY</b>: 1. The amount of energy per unit (space, charge, time). 2. The brilliance of a color. 3. The brightness of light.<br />
<br />
<b>INTERFACIAL POLYMERIZATION:</b> Polymerization in which two reactive monomers, each dissolved in different solvents that are mutually immiscible, react at the interface between the two solutions.<br />
<br />
<b>INTERLINING</b>: A padding or stiffening fabric used in garment manufacture to provide shape retention. Interlining is sandwiched between layers of fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>INTERLOCK KNIT:</b> To produce an interlock knit, long and short needles are arranged alternately in both the dial and cylinder; the needles in the dial and cylinder are also positioned in direct alignment.When the long and short needles knit in alternate feeds in both needle housings, a fabric with a type of cross 1 x 1 rib effect is produced.<br />
<br />
<b>INTERMITTENT PATTERN:</b> A pattern occurring in interrupted sequence.<br />
<br />
<b>INTERNAL DYE VARIABILITY:</b> The change from point to point in dye uniformity across the diameter and along the length of the individual filaments. Affects appearance of the dyed product and is a function of fiber, dye, dyeing process, and dyebath characteristics.<br />
<br />
<b>INTIMATE BLEND:</b> A technique of mixing two or more dissimiliar fibers in a very uniform mixture. Usually the stock is mixed before or at the picker.<br />
<br />
<b>INTRINSIC VISCOSITY:</b> Ratio of the specific viscosity (R.V.-1) of a solution of known<br />
concentration to the concentration of solute extrapolated to zero concentration. Also called the limiting viscosity number. It is directly proportional to the polymer-average molecular weight.<br />
<br />
<b>IONOMER</b>: A polymer having covalent bonds between the constituents of the long-chain<br />
molecules and ionic bonds between the chains.<br />
<br />
<b>ISLANDS-IN-THE-SEA:</b> A type of component fiber described as multipleinterface or filament-in-matrix. The “island” are fibrils of one or more polymers imbedded in the “sea” (or matrix) consisting of another polymer. The matrix is often dissolved away to leave filaments of very low denier per filament. These fibers have been used in ion-exchange products and in imitation fur products as well as to produce textile products with a different hand.<br />
<br />
<b>ISOTACTIC POLYMER:</b> A polymer structure in which there is a regular spatial or stereo<br />
relationship from one repeat unit to the next.<br />
<br />
<b>ISOTHERM</b>: Constant temperature line used on graphs of climatic conditions or thermodynamic relations, such as pressure-volume relations at constant temperature.<br />
<br />
<b>ISOTROPIC</b>: Having the same physical properties in every direction in the plane of a fabric. It is related to the random distribution of fibers in nonwoven manufacture.</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-21860735169123026832013-03-20T12:13:00.001-07:002013-03-21T09:55:33.813-07:00Textile Dictionary-J(Letter)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: large;"></span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">A</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-bletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">B</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-cletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">C</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-dletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">D</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-eletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">E</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-fletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">F</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-gletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">G</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-hletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">H</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-iletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">I</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-jletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">J</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-kletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">K</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter_20.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">L</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">M</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-nletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">N </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-oletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">O</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-pletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">P</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-qletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Q</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-rletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">R </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-sletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">S</span></a> <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-tletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><u>T</u></span></a></span> </span><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-uletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">U</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-vletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">V</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-wletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">W</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-xletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">X</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-yletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Y</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Z</span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"></span></a>
</span></b>
<br />
<b>Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-J</b><br />
<b>JACK</b>: 1. A blade having high and/or low butts used to actuate the movement of latch knitting needles. 2. Part of a dobby head designed to serve as a lever in the operation of the harness of a loom.<br />
<br />
<b>JACKET</b>: 1. A woven or felted tubular sleeve for covering and shrinking on a machine roll. 2.A short coat. 3. In polymer manufacture, an external shell around a reaction vessel. For example,jacketed vessels are used when heat-transfer medium is circulated around the vessel.<br />
<br />
<b>JACQUARD</b>: A system of weaving that utilizes a highly versatile pattern mechanism to permit the production of large, intricate designs. The weave pattern is achieved by a series of punched cards. Each card perforation controls the action of one warp thread for the passage of one pick.The machine may carry a large number of cards, depending upon the design, because there is a separate card for each pick in the pattern. Jacquard weaving is used for tapestry, brocade, damask, brocatelle, figured necktie and dress fabrics, and some floor coverings. A similar device is used for the production of figured patterns on some knit goods.<br />
<br />
<b>JASPÉ</b>: 1. A fabric used for suiting, draperies, or upholstery characterized by a series of faint stripes formed by dark, medium, and light yarns of the same color. 2. A term describing carpets having a faint striped effect.<br />
<br />
<b>J-BOX:</b> A J-shaped holding device used in continuous operations to provide varying amounts of intermediate material storage such as in wet processing of fabrics and in tow production. The material is fed to the top and pleated to fill the long arm before being withdrawn from the short arm.<br />
<br />
<b>J-CUT:</b> In tufting cut-pile carpet constructions, uneven cutting of the loops caused by poor adjustment of knives and hooks or excessive tension.<br />
<br />
<b>JEAN</b>: Cotton twill fabric, similar to denim, but lighter and finer, in a 2/1 weave for sportswear and linings.<br />
<br />
<b>JERSEY</b>: 1. A circular-knit or flat-knit fabric made with a plain stitch in which the loops intermesh in only one direction. As a result, the appearance of the face and the back of a jersey fabric is wholly different. 2. A tricot fabric made with a simple stitch, characterized by excellent drape and wrinkle recovery properties.<br />
<br />
<b>JET</b>: 1. A device used to bulk yarns by introducing curls, coils, and loops that are formed by the action of a high velocity stream, usually of air or steam.<br />
<br />
<b>JET DYEING MACHINE:</b> A high-temperature piecedyeing machine that circulates the dye liquor through a Venturi jet, thus imparting a driving force to move the fabric. The fabric, in rope form, is sewn together to form a loop.<br />
<br />
<b>JET LOOM:</b> A shuttleless loom that employs a jet of water or air to carry the filling yarn through the shed.<br />
<br />
<b>JIG</b>: A machine in which fabric in open width-form is transferred repeatedly from one roller to another, passing each time through a bath of relatively small volume. Jigs are used for scouring, dyeing, bleaching, and finishing.<br />
<br />
<b>JUTE</b>: A bast fiber used for sacking, burlap, and twine as a backing material for tufted carpets.<br />
<br />
<b>JUTE BUTT:</b> The flaggy lower end of jute fiber that is cut off in preparing jute for market. The fibers are 0.4 to 1 inch in length. Jute butts are used in twines and coarse bagging.<br />
<br />
<b>JUTE COUNT:</b> The weight in pounds of a spindle of 14,400 yards of yarn.</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-65398049568093645172013-03-20T12:07:00.000-07:002013-03-21T09:55:48.837-07:00Textile Dictionary-K(Letter)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">A</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-bletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">B</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-cletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">C</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-dletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">D</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-eletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">E</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-fletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">F</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-gletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">G</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-hletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">H</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-iletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">I</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-jletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">J</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-kletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">K</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter_20.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">L</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">M</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-nletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">N </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-oletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">O</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-pletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">P</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-qletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Q</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-rletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">R </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-sletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">S</span></a> <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-tletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><u>T</u></span></a></span> </span><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-uletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">U</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-vletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">V</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-wletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">W</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-xletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">X</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-yletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Y</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Z</span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"></span></a>
</span></b><br />
<br />
<b>Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-K</b><br />
<b>KAPOK</b>: Short, lightweight cotton-like fibers from the seed pod of trees of the family<br />
Bombacabeae. A very brittle fiber, it is generally not spun. It is used for stuffing cushions,mattresses, etc., and for life jackets because of its buoyancy and moisture resistance.<br />
<br />
<b>KERATIN</b>: The basic protein constituent of wool and other hair fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>KERSEY</b>: A heavily fulled or milled woolen fabric having a high lustrous nap and a “grainy” face, kersey is frequently used in overcoats.<br />
<br />
<b>KHAKI</b>: 1. A light yellowish brown. 2. A khaki-colored cloth of cotton, wool, or combinations of these fibers with manufactured fibers used primarily in military uniforms and work clothes.<br />
<br />
<b>KIER</b>: A large metal tank, capable of being heated uniformly, used for wet processing.<br />
<br />
<b>KIER BOILING</b>: Process of boiling cellulosic materials in alkaline liquors in a kier at or above atmospheric pressure.<br />
<br />
<b>KINK</b>: 1. In fabrics, a place where a short length of yarn has spontaneously doubled back on itself. 2. In yarn, see SNARL.<br />
<br />
<b>KINKING</b>: The doubling back of yarn on itself to relieve torque imparted by twisting or texturing.<br />
<br />
<b>KNEE BREAK-OUT TEST:</b> A method to evaluate the performance of fabrics, especially boys’wear, when subjected to abrasion, stretch, and impact forces under conditions which simulate ordinary wear at the knee.<br />
<br />
<b>KNEEING</b>: Abnormal behavior of a spinning threadline (especially in melt spinning) in which one or more filaments form an angle (knee).<br />
<br />
<b>KNIT FABRIC:</b> A structure produced by interlooping one or more ends of yarn or comparable material.<br />
<br />
<b>KNIT-MISS:</b> A form of tricot knitting in which yarns on each bar of a two-bar machine are knit at alternate courses only. This type of knitting permits the use of heavy-denier yarns without creating undesirable bulkiness in the fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>KNITTING:</b> A method of constructing fabric by interlocking series of loops of one or more yarns. The two major classes of knitting are warp knitting and weft knitting, as follows:<br />
<b>1. Warp Knitting:</b> A type of knitting in which the yarns generally run lengthwise in the fabric.The yarns are prepared as warps on beams with one or more yarns for each needle. Examples of this type of knitting are tricot, milanese, and raschel knitting.<br />
<b>Milanese Knitting:</b> A type of run-resistant warp knitting with a diagonal rib effect using<br />
several sets of yarns.<br />
<b>Raschel Knitting:</b> A versatile type of warp knitting made in plain and Jacquard patterns;<br />
the latter can be made with intricate eyelet and lacy patterns and is often used for<br />
underwear fabrics. Raschel fabrics are coarser than other warp-knit fabrics, but a wide<br />
range of fabrics can be made. Raschel knitting machines have one or two sets of latch<br />
needles and up to thirty sets of guides.<br />
<br />
<b>Tricot Knitting:</b> A run-resistant type of warp knitting in which either single or double<br />
sets of yarn are used.<br />
2.<b> Weft Knitting:</b> A common type of knitting, in which one continuous thread runs crosswise in the fabric making all of the loops in one course. Weft knitting types are circular and flat knitting.<br />
<b>Circular Knitting:</b> The fabric is produced on the knitting machine in the form of a tube,<br />
the threads running continuously around the fabric.<br />
<b>Flat Knitting:</b> The fabric is produced on the knitting machine in flat form, the threads<br />
alternating back and forth across the fabric. The fabric can be given shape in the knitting<br />
process by increasing or decreasing loops. Full-fashioned garments are made on a flatknitting machine.<br />
<br />
<b>KRAFTCORD</b>: This yarn produced by tightly twisting plant fiber is sometimes used in carpet backings.<br />
<br />
<b>KRAFT PULPS:</b> Pulps prepared in the alkaline liquor consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium sulfide. Also called sulfate pulp.<br />
<br />
<b>KRAFT YARN:</b> A yarn made by twisting a strip of paper manufactured from kraft pulp.<br />
<br />
<b>KROY SHRINK PROOFING PROCESS:</b> Continuous process for shrinkproofing wool tops<br />
in which there is a direct chlorination step with no intervening chemical reaction followed by anti-chlorination and neutralization. Provides better hand and strength than does conventional shrink proofing.<br />
<br />
<b>KUSTERS DYEING RANGE:</b> Continuous dye range for carpets. The unit wets the carpet, applies dyes and auxiliary chemicals by means of a doctor blade, fixes the dyes in a festoon steamer, and washes and dries the carpet in one pass through the range. An optional auxiliary unit may be installed to randomly drip selected dyes onto the background shade for special styling effects. This process is called TAK dyeing.</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-37988862825181508762013-03-20T11:59:00.001-07:002013-03-21T09:56:05.403-07:00 Textile Dictionary-L(Letter)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">A</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-bletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">B</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-cletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">C</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-dletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">D</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-eletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">E</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-fletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">F</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-gletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">G</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-hletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">H</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-iletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">I</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-jletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">J</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-kletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">K</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter_20.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">L</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">M</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-nletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">N </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-oletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">O</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-pletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">P</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-qletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Q</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-rletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">R </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-sletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">S</span></a> <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-tletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><u>T</u></span></a></span> </span><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-uletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">U</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-vletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">V</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-wletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">W</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-xletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">X</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-yletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Y</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Z</span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;">
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<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"></span></a>
</span></b><br />
<br />
<b>Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-L</b><br />
<b>LACE</b>: Ornamental openwork fabric, made in a variety of designs by intricate manipulation of the fiber by machine or by hand.<br />
<br />
<b>LACE STITCH:</b> In this knitting stitch structure, loops are transferred from the needles on which they are made to adjacent needles to create a fabric with an open or a raised effect.<br />
<br />
<b>LAID-IN FABRIC:</b> A knit fabric in which an effect yarn is tucked in, not knitted into, the fabric structure. The laid-in yarns are held in position by the knitted yarns.<br />
<br />
<b>LAMÉ</b>: A fabric woven with flat metal threads, usually silver or gold, that form either the background or the pattern.<br />
<br />
<b>LAMINAR FLOW:</b> Streamline flow in a viscous fluid, such as molten polymer, near a solid boundary.<br />
<br />
<b>LAMINATED FABRIC:</b> . Fabric composed of a high-strength reinforcing scrim or base fabric between two plies of flexible thermoplastic film. Usually open scrims are used to permit the polymer to flow through the interstices and bond during calendering.<br />
<br />
<b>LAP</b>: A continuous, considerably compressed sheet of fibers that is rolled under pressure into a cylindrical package, usually weighing between 40 and 50 pounds. The lap is used to supply the card.<br />
<br />
<b>LAPPING</b>: A term describing the movement of yarn guides between needles, at right angles to the needle bar, or laterally in relation to the needle bar, or laterally in relation to the needle bar during warp knitting.<br />
<br />
<b>LAP SPLITTING:</b> A condition caused by a lap that will not unwind in carding in the same<br />
thickness as it was wound in picking. This splitting of the sheet of fiber can result in either a thicker or thinner sheet being fed into the card.<br />
<br />
<b>LASE</b>: An acronym for load at specified elongation: the load required to produce a given<br />
elongation of a yarn or cord.<br />
<br />
<b>LASER</b>: A device for producing an intense beam of coherent light. It is used for cutting,<br />
spectroscopy, photography, biomedical investigations, etc.<br />
<br />
<b>LASTRILE FIBER:</b> A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and a diene composed of at least 10% by weight, but not more than 50% by weight, of acrylonitrile [-CH2-CH(CN)-] units (FTC definition).<br />
<br />
<b>LATCH NEEDLE:</b> One of the two types of knitting machine needles. The latch needle has a small terminal hook with a latch that pivots automatically in knitting to close the hook. The fabric loop is cast off. The latch then opens, allowing a new loop to be formed by the hook, and loop-forming and casting-off procee simultaneously.<br />
<br />
<b>LATENT CRIMP:</b> Crimp in fibers that can be developed by a specific treatment. Fibers are prepared specially to crimp when subjected to specific conditions, e.g., tumbling in a heated chamber or wet processing.<br />
<br />
<b>LATEX</b>: A milky fluid found in certain cells of some families of seed plants.Latex is the raw material from which rubber is made.<br />
<br />
<b>LAWN</b>: A light, thin cloth made of carded or combed yarns, this fabric is given a creaseresistant, crisp finish. Lawn is crisper than voile but not as crisp as organdy.<br />
<br />
<b>LEACHING</b>: The removal of any substance or dye from textiles by the percolating action of a suitable liquid.<br />
<br />
<b>LENO WEAVE:</b> A weave in which the warp yarns are arranged in pairs with one twisted around the other between picks of filling yarn as in marquisette. This type of weave gives firmness and strength to an openweave fabric and prevents slippage and displacement of warp and filling yarns.<br />
<br />
<b>LET-OFF MOTION:</b> A device for controlling the delivery and tension of the warp during<br />
weaving.<br />
<br />
<b>LEVELING</b>: Migration leading to uniform distribution of dye in a dyed material.Leveling may be a property of the dye or it may require chemical assistance.<br />
<br />
<b>LEVEL LOOP:</b> A term describing a tufted or woven carpet with uncut, equal length loops<br />
composing the pile surface.<br />
<br />
<b>LICKERIN</b>: A part of the feed mechanism of the card. It consists of a hollow, metal roll with a spirally grooved surface containing a special saw-toothed wire. The lickerin opens up the tufts of the picker lap as it is fed to the card and transfers the fibers to the main cylinder.<br />
<br />
<b>LICKERIN LOADING:</b> A condition whereby fibers are imbedded in the lickerin wire clothing so as to resist transfer to the cylinder clothing.<br />
<br />
<b>LIGHT END:</b> 1. The low boiling fraction in distillation.<br />
<br />
<b>LIGHTFASTNESS</b>: The degree of resistance of dyed textile materials to the color-destroying influence of sunlight. Two methods of testing are in use: (1) exposure to sunlight, either directly or under glass, and (2) accelerated testing in a laboratory apparatus equipped with any of several types of artificial light sources.<br />
<br />
<b>LIGNIN</b>: The major noncarbohydrate portion of wood. It is an amorphous polymeric substance that cements the fibrous portions together.<br />
<br />
<b>LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX:</b> A relative measure of flammability that is determined as<br />
follows. A sample is ignited in an oxygen/nitrogen atmosphere. The oxygen content is adjusted until the minimum required to sustain steady burning is found. The higher the value, the lower the flammability.<br />
<br />
<b>LINEAR DENSITY:</b> Mass per unit length expressed as grams per centimeter, pounds per foot,or equivalent units. It is the quotient obtained by dividing the mass of a fiber or yarn by its length.<br />
<br />
<b>LINEN</b>: Cellulosic fibers derived from the stem of the flax plant or a fabric made from these fibers. Linen fibers are much stronger and more lustrous that cotton; they yield cool, absorbent fabrics that wrinkle easily. Fabrics with linen-like texture and coolness but with good wrinkle resistance can be produced from manufactured fibers and blends.<br />
<br />
<b>LINEN LEA:</b> The number of 300-yard hanks contained in one pound.<br />
<br />
<b>LINET</b>: A French-make lining fabric of unbleached linen.<br />
<br />
<b>LINON A JOUR:</b> A gauze-like linen fabric used as dress goods.<br />
<br />
<b>LINT</b>: Particles and short fibers that fall from a textile product during the stresses of use.<br />
<br />
<b>LINTERS</b>: The short cotton fibers that are not removed from the seed during the first ginning.The linters are cut from the seed and used as a source for cellulose derivatives such as nitrocellulose or viscose rayon.<br />
<br />
<b>LIQUID CRYSTAL:</b> A liquid in which the molecules are oriented parallel to each other<br />
resulting in birefringence and interference patterns visible in polarizing light.<br />
<br />
<b>LIQUOR RATIO:</b> In wet processing the ratio of the weight of liquid used to the weight of goods treated.<br />
<b>LISLE YARN:</b> A high-quality cotton yarn made by plying yarns spun from long combed staple.Lisle is singed to hive it a smooth finish.<br />
<br />
<b>LOFT</b>: The properties of firmness, resilience, and bulk of a fiber batting, yarn, fabric, or other textile material.<br />
<br />
<b>LONG STAPLE:</b> A long fiber. In reference to cotton, long staple indicates a fiber length of not less that 1-1/8 inches. In reference to wool, the term indicates fiber 3 to 4 inches long suitable for combing.<br />
<br />
<b>LOOM BARRÉ:</b> A repeated unevenness in the fabric, usually running from selvage to selvage,and caused by uneven let-off or take-up or by a loose crank arm.<br />
<br />
<b>LOOM-FINISHED:</b> A term describing fabric that is sold in the condition in which it comes from the loom.<br />
<br />
<b>LOOM FLY:</b> Waste fibers that are inadvertently woven into a fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>LOOPED FILLING:</b> A woven-in loop caused by the filling sloughing off the quill or by the shuttle rebounding in the box.<br />
<br />
<b>LOOPED PILE:</b> A pile surface made of uncut looped yarns.<br />
<br />
<b>LOOP ELONGATION:</b> The maximum extension of a looped yarn at maximum load, expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length.<br />
<br />
<b>LOOPING:</b> Generally, a method of uniting knit fabrics by joining two courses of loops on a machine called a looper.<br />
<br />
<b>LOOPING BAR:</b> A bar inserted in the bottom of an extrusion metier around which the dried filaments pass as they leave the spinning cabinet.<br />
<br />
<b>LOOP PILE:</b> Carpet construction in which the tufts are formed into loops from the supply yarn.<br />
<br />
<b>LOOP TENACITY:</b> The strength of a compound strand formed when one strand of yarn is looped through another strand, then broken. It is the breaking load in grams divided by twice the measured yarn denier or decitex. Loop tenacity, when compared with standard tenacity measurements, is an indication of the brittleness of a fiber.<br />
<br />
<b>LOOPY SELVAGE:</b> A weaving defect at the selvage of excessive thickness or irregular filling loops that extend beyond the outside selvages.<br />
<br />
<b>LOW ROWS:</b> A carpet defect characterized by rows of unusually low pile height across the width of the goods.<br />
<br />
<b>LUANA</b>: A fabric characterized by a crosswise rib effect, usually made with a filament yarn warp and a spun yarn filling.<br />
<br />
<b>LUBRICANT</b>: An oil or emulsion finish applied to fibers to prevent damage during textile<br />
processing or to knitting yarns to make them more pliable.<br />
<br />
<b>LUMINESCENCE:</b> Emission of light not caused by incandescence but rather by physiological processes, chemical action, friction or electrical action.<br />
<br />
<b>LUSTER</b>: The quality of shining with reflected light. With reference to textile materials, the term is frequently associated with the adjectives bright or dull to distinguish between varieties of manufactured fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>LUSTERING</b>: The finishing of yarn or fabric by means of heat, pressure, steam, friction,<br />
calendering, etc., to produce luster.</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-4454685944963028302013-03-19T11:02:00.004-07:002013-03-21T09:56:20.329-07:00Textile Dictionary-M(Letter)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">A</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-bletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">B</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-cletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">C</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-dletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">D</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-eletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">E</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-fletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">F</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-gletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">G</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-hletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">H</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-iletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">I</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-jletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">J</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-kletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">K</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter_20.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">L</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">M</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-nletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">N </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-oletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">O</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-pletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">P</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-qletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Q</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-rletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">R </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-sletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">S</span></a> <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-tletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><u>T</u></span></a></span> </span><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-uletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">U</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-vletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">V</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-wletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">W</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-xletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">X</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-yletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Y</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Z</span></a></span><span>
</span></b></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-M</b><br />
<b>MACE SNAG TEST:</b> A test for evaluation of snagging performance. A fabric sample is mounted on a revolving drum in contact with a miniature mace that tracks randomly across the sample. The spikes of the mace effect the snagging. The test predicts results in actual wear.<br />
<br />
<b>MACHINE DIRECTION:</b> The long direction within the place of the fabric, i.e., the direction in which the fabric is being produced by the machine.<br />
<br />
<b>MACHINE TWIST:</b> A hard-twist sewing thread, usually of 3-ply construction spun with S twists and plied with Z twist, especially made for use in sewing machines.<br />
<br />
<b>MACROLATTICE</b>: A repeating structure in very small microfibrils of alternating crystalline and amorphous regions. Yarn properties are thought to be governed by morphology at the macrolattice scale.<br />
<br />
<b>MADRAS</b>: A lightweight, plain weave fabric with a striped, checked, or plaid pattern. True madras is “guaranteed to bleed.”<br />
<br />
<b>MALLORY FATIGUE TEST:</b> A test to measure the endurance properties of tire cord.<br />
<br />
<b>MANDRELL</b>: The core around which the impregnated filaments are placed to form a specified shape in composite manufacture.<br />
<br />
<b>MANILA</b>: Fiber obtained from the leaf stalks of the abaca plant. It is generally used for cordage.<br />
<br />
<b>MARKER</b>: In the floor coverings industry, a distinctive threadline in the back of a carpet that enables the installer to assemble breadths of carpet so that the pile lays in one direction or so that patterns match.<br />
<br />
<b>MARL YARN:</b> A yarn made from two rovings of contrasting colors drafted together, then spun. Provides a mottled effect.<br />
<br />
<b>MARQUISETTE</b>: A lightweight, open-mesh fabric made of cotton, silk, or manufactured fibers in a leno, doup, or gauze weave. Marquisettes are used for curtains, dresses, mosquito nets, and similar end uses.<br />
<br />
<b>MARRIED FIBER CLUMP:</b> A defect that occurs in converter top. It consists of a group of unopened, almost coterminous fibers with the crimp in register.<br />
<br />
<b>MATELASSÉ</b>: A soft, double or compound fancy-woven fabric with a quilted appearance.<br />
Heavier types are used as draperies and upholsteries. Crepe matelassé is used for dresses, wraps, and other apparel. Matelassé is usually woven on a Jacquard loom.<br />
<br />
<b>MATERIAL BALANCE:</b> A mathematical representation of material flow through a reaction<br />
system. The input material is accounted for throughout its various transformations.<br />
<br />
<b>MATTED STAPLE:</b> Fiber in the bale that is compressed and entangled in a manner indicating that the fiber was either too wet at the baling operation or that excessive baling pressure was used.<br />
<br />
<b>MECHANICAL FINISHING:</b> Changing the appearance or physical properties of a fabric by a mechanical process such as calendering, embossing, bulking, compacting, or creping.<br />
<br />
<b>MELDED FABRIC:</b> A nonwoven fabric of a base fiber and a thermoplastic fiber. The web is hot-calendered or embossed at the softening point of the thermoplastic fiber to form the bond.<br />
<br />
<b>MELT</b>: A material in the molten state.<br />
<br />
<b>MELT BLOWING:</b> The formation of a nonwoven by extruding molten polymer<br />
through a die then attenuating and breaking the resulting filaments with hot,high-velocity air or steam. This results in short fiber lengths. The short fibers are then collected on a moving screen where they bond during cooling.<br />
<br />
<b>MELT INDEX:</b> The weight in grams of a thermoplastic material that can be forced through a standard orifice within a specified time.<br />
<br />
<b>MELTING POINT:</b> The temperature at which the solid and liquid states of a substance are in equilibrium; generally, the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.<br />
<br />
<b>MELTON</b>: A heavily fulled, hard, plain coating fabric that was originally all wool but is now also seen in wool blends.<br />
<br />
<b>MELT VISCOSITY:</b> The resistance of molten polymer to shear deformation. It is primarily a factor of intrinsic viscosity and temperature. It is an apparent polymer viscosity measurement in that it is only true at a specific shear stress and shear rate combination.<br />
<br />
<b>MENDING</b>: A process in woven fabric manufacture in which weaving imperfections, tears,broken yarns, and similar defects are repaired after weaving; especially on woolen and worsted fabrics to prepare them for dyeing, finishing, or other processing.<br />
<br />
<b>MERCERIZATION</b>: A treatment of cotton yarn or fabric to increase its luster and affinity for dyes. The material is immersed under tension in a cold sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) solution in warp or skein form or in the piece, and is later neutralized in acid. The process causes a permanent swelling of the fiber and thus increases its luster.<br />
<br />
<b>MERGE</b>: A group to which fiber production is assigned based on properties and dyeability. All fibers within a merge can be expected to behave uniformly, and for this reason, can be mixed or used interchangeably.<br />
<br />
<b>MERINO</b>: 1. Wool from purebred Merino sheep. Merino wool usually has a mean fiber<br />
diameter of 24 microns or less. 2. A yarn of blended wool and cotton fibers.<br />
<br />
<b>MESH FABRICS:</b> A broad term for fabric characterized by open spaces between the yarns. Mesh fabrics may be woven, knit, lace, net, crochet, etc.<br />
<br />
<b>META</b>: A chemical prefix, usually abbreviated m, that denotes that two substituents on a<br />
benzene ring are separated by one carbon atom.<br />
<br />
<b>METAP WEAVE-KNIT PROCESS:</b> A technique combining weaving and knitting in one<br />
operation with two independent yarn systems wound on warp beams. In the fabrics produced,woven strips are linked together with wales of stitches. Generally, the fabrics have 75-85% woven and 25-15% knitted structure.<br />
<br />
<b>METERING PUMP:</b> A positive displacement device that pumps a measured amount of polymer solution to the spinnerets.<br />
<br />
<b>METIER</b>: A spinning machine for producing manufactured fibers. The bank of cells or<br />
compartments and associated equipment used in the dry spinning of fibers, such as cellulose acetate and cellulose triacetate.<br />
<br />
<b>METIER TWIST:</b> The amount of twist present in yarn wound at the metier.METRIC COUNT: The number of kilometers per kilogram of yarn.<br />
<br />
<b>MICRODENIER</b>: Refers to fibers having less than 1 denier per filament or 0.1 tex per filament.<br />
<br />
<b>MICROENCAPSULATION:</b> Enclosing materials in capsules of less than one micron to over 2000 microns in diameter. These can contain polymer additives that can then be released under certain conditions of use or processing.<br />
<br />
<b>MICRONAIRE METHOD:</b> A means of measuring fiber fineness by determining the resistance of a sample to a flow of air forced through it.<br />
<br />
<b>MIGRATION</b>: 1. Movement of dye from one area of dyed fabric to another. Includes<br />
movement of color from the dyed area to the undyed area of cloth. 2. Movement of fibers which go from the center to the outside surface of yarn and back again periodically.<br />
<br />
<b>MILLING</b>: 1. The process of treating fabric in a fulling mill, i.e., fulling. 2. In silk<br />
manufacturing the twisting of the filaments into yarn. 3. A grinding process, i.e., ball-milling of dyes and pigments.<br />
<br />
<b>MILL RUN:</b> A yarn, fabric, or other textile product that has not been inspected or that does not come up to the standard quality.<br />
<br />
<b>MINERAL FIBERS:</b> A generic term for all non-metallic, inorganic fibers, which may be<br />
natural, such as asbestos, or manufactured from such sources as rock, ore, alloys, slag, or glass.<br />
<br />
<b>MINIMUM CARE:</b> A term describing home laundering methods. Minimum care fabrics,<br />
garments, and household textile articles can be washed satisfactorily by normal home laundering methods and can be used or worn after light ironing. Light ironing denotes ironing without starching or dampening and with a relatively small expenditure of physical effort.<br />
<br />
<b>MISPICK</b>: A weaving defect in which a pick is improperly interlaced, resulting in a break in the weave pattern. Mispicks can result from starting the loom on the incorrect pick after a pick-out.<br />
<br />
<b>MISS-STITCH</b>: A knitting construction formed when the needle holds the old loop and does not receive new yarn. It connects two loops of the same course that are not in adjacent wales. Also known as float-stitch.<br />
<br />
<b>MIXED END or FILLING:</b> Warp or filling yarn differing from that normally used in the fabric,e.g., yarn with the incorrect twist or number of plies, yarn of the wrong color, or yarn from the wrong lot.<br />
<br />
<b>MOCK DYEING:</b> A heat stabilization process for yarns. The yarns are wound onto packages and subjected to package dyeing conditions (water, pressure, temperature) but without dye an chemicals in the bath.<br />
<br />
<b>MOCK LENO:</b> A combination of weaves having interlacings that tend to form the warp ends into groups (with empty spaces intervening) in the cloth, thereby giving an imitation of the open structure that is characteristic of leno fabrics. Mock leno fabrics are<br />
used for summer shirts, dresses, and other apparel, and as a shading medium in Jacquard designs.<br />
<br />
<b>MODULUS</b>: The ratio of change in stress to change in strain following the removal of crimp from the material being tested; i.e., the ratio of the stress expressed in either force per unit linear density or force per unit area of the original specimen, and the strain expressed as either a fraction of the original length or percentage elongation.<br />
<br />
<b>MOISTURE PROPERTIES:</b> All fibers when exposed to the atmosphere pick up some<br />
moisture; the quantity varies with the fiber type, temperature, and relative humidity.<br />
Measurements are generally made at standard conditions, which are fixed at 65% RH and 70°F.Moisture content of a fiber or yarn is usually expressed in terms of percentage regain after partial drying.<br />
<br />
<b>MOISTURE REGAIN:</b> The percentage of moisture in a textile material brought into<br />
equilibrium with a standard atmosphere after partial drying, calculated as a percentage of the moisture-free weight.<br />
<br />
<b>MOLESKIN</b>: A heavy sateen-weave fabric made with heavy, soft-spun filling yarns. The fabric is sheared and napped to produce a suede effect.<br />
<br />
<b>MONK’S CLOTH:</b> A rough, substantial, rather bulky fabric made of very coarse yarn in a 4- and-4 or similar basket-weave construction.<br />
<br />
<b>MONOFILAMENT</b>: Any single filament of a manufactured fiber, usually of a denier higher than 14. Instead of a group of filaments being extruded through a spinneret to form a yarn, monofilaments generally are spun individually. Monofilaments can be used for textiles such as hosiery or sewing thread or for nontextile uses such as bristles, papermaker’s felts, fishing lines,etc.<br />
<br />
<b>MONOMER</b>: The simple, unpolymerized form of a compound from which a polymer can be made.<br />
<br />
<b>MORDANT</b>: A chemical used in some textile fibers to provide affinity for dyes.<br />
<br />
<b>MORESQUE</b>: A multicolored yarn formed by twisting or plying single strands of different<br />
colors.<br />
<br />
<b>MORPHOLOGY</b>: The study of the fine structure of a fiber or other material.<br />
<br />
<b>MOTE</b>: A small piece of seed or vegetable matter in cotton. Motes are removed by boiling the fiber or fabric in sodium hydroxide, then bleaching. When not removed, they can leave a dark spot in the fabric.<br />
<br />
<b>MUFF</b>: A loose skein of textured yarn prepared for dyeing or bulking. In the bulking operation,the yarn contracts and the resulting skein resembles a muff.<br />
<br />
<b>MULE SPINNING FRAME:</b> A spinning machine invented by Samuel Crompton in 1782 and termed “mule” because it was a combination of the machines invented by Arkwright and Hargreaves. It was once widely used for spinning wool and to a lesser extent for very fine counts of cotton yarn. Its action was intermittent and slower than that of the more current ring spinning frame. It drew out and twisted a length of yarn and then wound it in the form of a cop, or bobbin, then repeated the cycle.<br />
<br />
<b>MULLEN BURSTING STRENGTH:</b> An instrumental test method that measures the ability of a fabric to resist rupture by pressure exerted by an inflated diaphragm.<br />
<br />
<b>MULTIFILAMENT</b>: A yarn consisting of many continuous filaments or strands, as opposed to monofilament which is one strand. Most textile filament yarns are multifilament.<br />
<br />
<b>MUSLIN</b>: A broad term describing a wide variety of plain-weave cotton or polyester/cotton fabrics ranging from lightweight sheers to heavier shirting and sheeting.<br />
<br />
<b>MUSSINESS</b>: A fabric defect on the surface that is characterized by undesirable unevenness caused by many minor deformations. Mussiness is independent of the presence of soil.</div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-43849934774384081512013-03-19T10:38:00.001-07:002013-03-21T09:56:34.450-07:00Textile Dictionary-N(Letter)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">A</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-bletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">B</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-cletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">C</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-dletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">D</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-eletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">E</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-fletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">F</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-gletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">G</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-hletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">H</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-iletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">I</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-jletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">J</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-kletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">K</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter_20.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">L</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">M</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-nletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">N </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-oletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">O</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-pletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">P</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-qletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Q</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-rletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">R </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-sletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">S</span></a> <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-tletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><u>T</u></span></a></span> </span><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-uletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">U</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-vletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">V</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-wletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">W</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-xletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">X</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-yletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Y</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Z</span></a></span><span>
</span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-<span style="font-size: small;">N</span></b><br /><b>NAINSOOK</b>: A fine, lightweight, plain-weave fabric, usually of combed cotton. The fabric is<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>often mercerized to produce luster and is finished soft. Nainsook is chiefly used for infants’<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>wear, lingerie, and blouses.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NAP</b>: A downy surface given to a cloth when part of the fiber is raised from the basic structure.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NAPHTHALENE</b>: A solid aromatic hydrocarbon (C10H8) derived from coal tar.<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>Naphthalene is<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>used as moth flakes and as the basis of certain dye components.<br /><br /><b>NAPPING</b>: A finishing process that raises the surface fibers of a fabric by means of passage over<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>rapidly revolving cylinders covered with metal points or teasel burrs. Outing, flannel, and wool<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>broadcloth derive their downy appearance from this finishing process. Napping is also used for<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>certain knit goods, blankets, and other fabrics with a raised surface.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NARROW FABRIC:</b> Any nonelastic woven fabric, 12 inches or less in width, having a selvage<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>on either side, except ribbon and seam binding.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NATURAL FIBER:</b> A class name for various genera of fibers (including filaments) of: (1)<br />animal (i.e., silk and wool); (2) mineral (i.e., asbestos); or (3) vegetable origin (i.e., cotton, flax,<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>jute, and ramie).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NECKING</b>: 1. The sudden reduction in the diameter of an undrawn<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>manufactured filament when it is stretched. 2. Narrowing in width of a<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>fabric or film when it is stretched.<br /><br /><b>NEEDLE BED:</b> Flat metal plate with slots at regular intervals in which the knitting needles slide<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>on the knitting machine.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NEEDLED FABRICS:</b> The product of the needle loom (q.v.). Needled fabrics are used for rug<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>pads, papermaker’s felts, padding, linings, etc.<br /><br /><b>NEEDLE LOOP:</b> A loop of yarn drawn through a loop made previously.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NEEDLEPUNCHING:</b> The process of converting batts or webs of loose fibers into a coherent<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>nonwoven fabric on a needle loom (q.v.).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NEEDLE SET-OUT:</b> A term that refers to long periods of time when certain needles are<br />removed from the knitting cycle. The process is used to make sweater cuffs.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NEEDLE SLOT:</b> A groove that houses a needle in the cylinder or dial of a circular-knitting<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>machine or the needle bed of a flat-bed machine.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NEP</b>: A small knot of entangled fibers that usually will not straighten to a parallel position during<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>carding or drafting.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NET</b>: An open fabric made by knotting the intersections of thread,cord, or wires to form meshes. Net can be made by hand or machine in<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>a variety of mesh sizes and weights matched to varying end uses, i.e.,<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>veils, curtains, fish nets, and heavy cargo nets.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NET RATE:</b> In a fiber production process the total throughput less<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>waste and inferior or off-grade material.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NETTING</b>: The process of knotting threads into meshes that will not<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>ravel.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NEUTRON-ABSORBING FIBER:</b> Polyethylene fiber modified with<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>boron used in the nuclear industry for reducing neutron transmission.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NINON</b>: A lightweight fabric of silk or manufactured fibers made in a<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>plain weave with an open mesh. Used for curtains and evening wear.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NIP</b>: 1. The line or area of contact between two contiguous rollers. 2.<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>A defect in yarn consisting of a thin place.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NIP CREASES:</b> Creases occurring at regular intervals along a fabric selvage subsequent to a<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>nipping operation such as calendering or padding. Such creases are caused by a loosely wound<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>selvage or improper let-off tension which allows the fabric to fold over or gather at the selvage<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>prior to entering the nip of the rolls.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NOIL</b>: A short fiber that is rejected in the combing process of yarn manufacture.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NONELASTIC WOVEN TAPE:</b> A woven narrow fabric, weighing less than 15 ounces per<br />square yard, made principally of natural and/or manufactured fibers, including monofilaments,<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>but not containing rubber or other similar elastic stands.<br /><br /><b>NOVOLOID FIBER:</b> A manufactured fiber containing at least 85% by weight of a cross-linked<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>novolac (FTC definition). Novoloid is flame resistant and nonmelting. Its primary use is in<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>flame-protective garments and products.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NOZZLE</b>: 1. The spout through which something is discharged, i.e., oil in finish application or<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>fibers in web laying. 2. A term sometimes used to refer to spinnerets.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NUB YARN:</b> A novelty yarn containing slubs, beads, or lumps introduced intentionally.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NUCLEATION</b>: A process by which crystals are formed. Crystals form initially on minute<br />traces of foreign substances that act as the nucleus, then grow by external<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>addition.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /><b>NUN’S VEILING:</b> A soft, lightweight, plain-weave fabric that usually<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>comes in black and white, nun’s veiling is a rather flimsy, open fabric but<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>always of high quality. It may be made from fine woolen yarn or yarns<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>spun from manufactured fibers such as nylon, acrylic, or polyester.</span></div>
Textile Education Tipshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14206428570285612540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3442795583933864214.post-91252995874082475402013-03-19T10:25:00.000-07:002013-03-21T09:56:52.224-07:00Textile Dictionary-O(Letter)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-aletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">A</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-bletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">B</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-cletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">C</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-dletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">D</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-eletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">E</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-fletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">F</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-gletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">G</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-hletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">H</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-iletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">I</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-jletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">J</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-kletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">K</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter_20.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">L</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-mletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">M</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-nletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">N </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-oletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">O</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-pletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">P</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-qletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Q</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-rletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">R </span></a><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-sletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">S</span></a> <span style="color: red;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-tletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><u>T</u></span></a></span> </span><a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-uletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">U</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-vletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">V</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-wletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">W</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-xletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">X</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-yletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Y</span></a> <a href="http://textileeducationtips.blogspot.com/2013/03/textile-dictionary-zletter.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Z</span></a></span><span>
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<b>Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-O</b><br />
<b>OATMEAL</b>: A heavy, soft linen fabric with a pebbled or crepe effect.<br />
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<b>OFF</b>-<b>SQUARE</b>: 1. A term to describe the difference between the percentage of warp crimp and the percentage of filling crimp. 2. A term referring to a fabric in which the number of ends and the number of picks per inch are not equal.<br />
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<b>OILCLOTH</b>: Any fabric treated with linseed-oil varnish to make it waterproof. It comes in<br />
plain colors and printed designs and is most commonly used for table covers or shelf covering. It has now been widely replaced by plastic coated fabrics.<br />
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<b>OILPROOF</b>: A term describing fabrics that are impervious to oil.<br />
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<b>OIL-REPELLENT:</b> A term applied to fabrics that have been treated with finishes to make them resistant to oil stains.<br />
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<b>OLEFIN FIBER: </b>A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of ethylene, propylene, or other olefin units. Olefin fibers combine lightweight with high strength and abrasion resistance, and are currently being used in rope, indoor-outdoor carpets, and lawn furniture upholstery.<br />
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<b>OLEOPHILIC</b>: A term describing a substance that has a strong affinity for oils.<br />
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<b>OLEOPHOBIC</b>: A term describing a substance that does not have a strong affinity for oils.<br />
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<b>OLIGOMER</b>: A polymer molecule consisting of only a few monomer units.<br />
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<b>OMBRÉ</b>: A color effect in which the shade is changeable from light to dark, generally produced by using warp yarns of different tones. Ombré effects may also be produced by printing.<br />
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<b>ONDULE:</b> A general term for plain-weave fabrics of silk, cotton, or manufactured fiber having a wavy effect produced by weaving the warp or filling, but usually the filling, in a wavy line. An ondule reed is generally used to produce this effect, often in a leno weave to emphasize the wave. Ondule is used for dress fabrics.<br />
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<b>ON-STREAM:</b> The state of having been brought into production. The term is usually used for chemical and metallurgical plants or processes.<br />
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<b>OPEN FACE:</b> A fabric defect consisting of an open appearance of the fabric which permits the filling to “grin” through the warp ends in the center portion of the fabric.<br />
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<b>OPTICAL PROPERTIES:</b> A general term used to refer to the relations of yarn or fibers with light. It includes such parameters as birefringence, refractive index, reflectance, optical density, etc.<br />
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<b>OPTIMUM TWIST:</b> In spun yarns, a term to describe the amount of twist that gives the maximum breaking strength or the maximum bulk at strength levels acceptable for weaving or knitting.<br />
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<b>ORGANZA</b>: A stiff, thin, plain weave fabric made of silk, nylon, acrylic, or polyester, organza is used primarily in evening and wedding attire for women.<br />
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<b>ORGANIZE YARN:</b> Two or more threads twisted in the singles and then plied in the reverse direction. The number of turns per inch in the singles and in the ply is usually in the range of 10 to 20 turns. Organzine yarn is generally used in the warp.<br />
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<b>ORIENTATION</b>: In linear polymeric structures, the degree of parallelism of the chain<br />
molecules.<br />
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<b>ORIFICE:</b> Generally, an opening. Used specifically to refer to the small holes in spinnerets through which the polymer flows in the manufacture of fibers.<br />
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<b>ORTHO:</b> A chemical prefix, usually abbreviated o, signifying that two substituents appear in adjacent positions on a benzene ring.<br />
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<b>OSNABURG:</b> A coarse cotton or polyester/cotton fabric, often partly of waste fiber, in a plain weave, medium to heavy in weight, that looks like crash. Unbleached osnaburg is used for grain and cement sacks, and higher grades are used as apparel and household fabrics.<br />
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<b>OTTOMAN:</b> Heavy, large, filling rib yarns, often of cotton, wool, or waste yarn, covered in their entirety by silk or manufactured fiber warp yarns, characterized this fabric used for women’s wear and coats.<br />
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<b>OUTFLOW QUENCH:</b> Air for cooling extruded polymer that is directed radially outward from a central dispersion device around which the filaments descend.<br />
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<b>OVEN-DRY WEIGHT:</b> The constant weight of a specimen obtained by drying in an oven under prescribed conditions of temperature and humidity.<br />
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<b>OVERCUT:</b> A staple fiber that is longer than nominal length. Usually, the length is a multiple of 2, 3, or more times the nominal length. An overcut is caused by the failure of filaments to be cut to the desired length during staple manufacture.<br />
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<b>OVERSPRAYING:</b> A term sometimes used to describe the application, by spraying, of a fiber lubricant to staple fibers during opening and blending.<br />
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<b>OVER-THE-COUNTER:</b> A term that usually refers to direct sales to a retail customer in a store, as opposed to wholesale marketing.<br />
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<b>OXFORD CLOTH:</b> A soft but stout shirting fabric in a modified basket weave with a large filling yarn having no twist woven under and over two single, twisted warp yarns. The fabric is usually made from cotton or polyester/cotton blends and is frequently given a silk like luster finish.<br />
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<b>OZONE FADING:</b> The fading of a dyed textile material, especially those in blue shades, caused by atmospheric ozone, (O3).</div>
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