A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-L
LACE: Ornamental openwork fabric, made in a variety of designs by intricate manipulation of the fiber by machine or by hand.
LACE STITCH: In this knitting stitch structure, loops are transferred from the needles on which they are made to adjacent needles to create a fabric with an open or a raised effect.
LAID-IN FABRIC: A knit fabric in which an effect yarn is tucked in, not knitted into, the fabric structure. The laid-in yarns are held in position by the knitted yarns.
LAMÉ: A fabric woven with flat metal threads, usually silver or gold, that form either the background or the pattern.
LAMINAR FLOW: Streamline flow in a viscous fluid, such as molten polymer, near a solid boundary.
LAMINATED FABRIC: . Fabric composed of a high-strength reinforcing scrim or base fabric between two plies of flexible thermoplastic film. Usually open scrims are used to permit the polymer to flow through the interstices and bond during calendering.
LAP: A continuous, considerably compressed sheet of fibers that is rolled under pressure into a cylindrical package, usually weighing between 40 and 50 pounds. The lap is used to supply the card.
LAPPING: A term describing the movement of yarn guides between needles, at right angles to the needle bar, or laterally in relation to the needle bar, or laterally in relation to the needle bar during warp knitting.
LAP SPLITTING: A condition caused by a lap that will not unwind in carding in the same
thickness as it was wound in picking. This splitting of the sheet of fiber can result in either a thicker or thinner sheet being fed into the card.
LASE: An acronym for load at specified elongation: the load required to produce a given
elongation of a yarn or cord.
LASER: A device for producing an intense beam of coherent light. It is used for cutting,
spectroscopy, photography, biomedical investigations, etc.
LASTRILE FIBER: A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and a diene composed of at least 10% by weight, but not more than 50% by weight, of acrylonitrile [-CH2-CH(CN)-] units (FTC definition).
LATCH NEEDLE: One of the two types of knitting machine needles. The latch needle has a small terminal hook with a latch that pivots automatically in knitting to close the hook. The fabric loop is cast off. The latch then opens, allowing a new loop to be formed by the hook, and loop-forming and casting-off procee simultaneously.
LATENT CRIMP: Crimp in fibers that can be developed by a specific treatment. Fibers are prepared specially to crimp when subjected to specific conditions, e.g., tumbling in a heated chamber or wet processing.
LATEX: A milky fluid found in certain cells of some families of seed plants.Latex is the raw material from which rubber is made.
LAWN: A light, thin cloth made of carded or combed yarns, this fabric is given a creaseresistant, crisp finish. Lawn is crisper than voile but not as crisp as organdy.
LEACHING: The removal of any substance or dye from textiles by the percolating action of a suitable liquid.
LENO WEAVE: A weave in which the warp yarns are arranged in pairs with one twisted around the other between picks of filling yarn as in marquisette. This type of weave gives firmness and strength to an openweave fabric and prevents slippage and displacement of warp and filling yarns.
LET-OFF MOTION: A device for controlling the delivery and tension of the warp during
weaving.
LEVELING: Migration leading to uniform distribution of dye in a dyed material.Leveling may be a property of the dye or it may require chemical assistance.
LEVEL LOOP: A term describing a tufted or woven carpet with uncut, equal length loops
composing the pile surface.
LICKERIN: A part of the feed mechanism of the card. It consists of a hollow, metal roll with a spirally grooved surface containing a special saw-toothed wire. The lickerin opens up the tufts of the picker lap as it is fed to the card and transfers the fibers to the main cylinder.
LICKERIN LOADING: A condition whereby fibers are imbedded in the lickerin wire clothing so as to resist transfer to the cylinder clothing.
LIGHT END: 1. The low boiling fraction in distillation.
LIGHTFASTNESS: The degree of resistance of dyed textile materials to the color-destroying influence of sunlight. Two methods of testing are in use: (1) exposure to sunlight, either directly or under glass, and (2) accelerated testing in a laboratory apparatus equipped with any of several types of artificial light sources.
LIGNIN: The major noncarbohydrate portion of wood. It is an amorphous polymeric substance that cements the fibrous portions together.
LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX: A relative measure of flammability that is determined as
follows. A sample is ignited in an oxygen/nitrogen atmosphere. The oxygen content is adjusted until the minimum required to sustain steady burning is found. The higher the value, the lower the flammability.
LINEAR DENSITY: Mass per unit length expressed as grams per centimeter, pounds per foot,or equivalent units. It is the quotient obtained by dividing the mass of a fiber or yarn by its length.
LINEN: Cellulosic fibers derived from the stem of the flax plant or a fabric made from these fibers. Linen fibers are much stronger and more lustrous that cotton; they yield cool, absorbent fabrics that wrinkle easily. Fabrics with linen-like texture and coolness but with good wrinkle resistance can be produced from manufactured fibers and blends.
LINEN LEA: The number of 300-yard hanks contained in one pound.
LINET: A French-make lining fabric of unbleached linen.
LINON A JOUR: A gauze-like linen fabric used as dress goods.
LINT: Particles and short fibers that fall from a textile product during the stresses of use.
LINTERS: The short cotton fibers that are not removed from the seed during the first ginning.The linters are cut from the seed and used as a source for cellulose derivatives such as nitrocellulose or viscose rayon.
LIQUID CRYSTAL: A liquid in which the molecules are oriented parallel to each other
resulting in birefringence and interference patterns visible in polarizing light.
LIQUOR RATIO: In wet processing the ratio of the weight of liquid used to the weight of goods treated.
LISLE YARN: A high-quality cotton yarn made by plying yarns spun from long combed staple.Lisle is singed to hive it a smooth finish.
LOFT: The properties of firmness, resilience, and bulk of a fiber batting, yarn, fabric, or other textile material.
LONG STAPLE: A long fiber. In reference to cotton, long staple indicates a fiber length of not less that 1-1/8 inches. In reference to wool, the term indicates fiber 3 to 4 inches long suitable for combing.
LOOM BARRÉ: A repeated unevenness in the fabric, usually running from selvage to selvage,and caused by uneven let-off or take-up or by a loose crank arm.
LOOM-FINISHED: A term describing fabric that is sold in the condition in which it comes from the loom.
LOOM FLY: Waste fibers that are inadvertently woven into a fabric.
LOOPED FILLING: A woven-in loop caused by the filling sloughing off the quill or by the shuttle rebounding in the box.
LOOPED PILE: A pile surface made of uncut looped yarns.
LOOP ELONGATION: The maximum extension of a looped yarn at maximum load, expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length.
LOOPING: Generally, a method of uniting knit fabrics by joining two courses of loops on a machine called a looper.
LOOPING BAR: A bar inserted in the bottom of an extrusion metier around which the dried filaments pass as they leave the spinning cabinet.
LOOP PILE: Carpet construction in which the tufts are formed into loops from the supply yarn.
LOOP TENACITY: The strength of a compound strand formed when one strand of yarn is looped through another strand, then broken. It is the breaking load in grams divided by twice the measured yarn denier or decitex. Loop tenacity, when compared with standard tenacity measurements, is an indication of the brittleness of a fiber.
LOOPY SELVAGE: A weaving defect at the selvage of excessive thickness or irregular filling loops that extend beyond the outside selvages.
LOW ROWS: A carpet defect characterized by rows of unusually low pile height across the width of the goods.
LUANA: A fabric characterized by a crosswise rib effect, usually made with a filament yarn warp and a spun yarn filling.
LUBRICANT: An oil or emulsion finish applied to fibers to prevent damage during textile
processing or to knitting yarns to make them more pliable.
LUMINESCENCE: Emission of light not caused by incandescence but rather by physiological processes, chemical action, friction or electrical action.
LUSTER: The quality of shining with reflected light. With reference to textile materials, the term is frequently associated with the adjectives bright or dull to distinguish between varieties of manufactured fibers.
LUSTERING: The finishing of yarn or fabric by means of heat, pressure, steam, friction,
calendering, etc., to produce luster.
Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-L
LACE: Ornamental openwork fabric, made in a variety of designs by intricate manipulation of the fiber by machine or by hand.
LACE STITCH: In this knitting stitch structure, loops are transferred from the needles on which they are made to adjacent needles to create a fabric with an open or a raised effect.
LAID-IN FABRIC: A knit fabric in which an effect yarn is tucked in, not knitted into, the fabric structure. The laid-in yarns are held in position by the knitted yarns.
LAMÉ: A fabric woven with flat metal threads, usually silver or gold, that form either the background or the pattern.
LAMINAR FLOW: Streamline flow in a viscous fluid, such as molten polymer, near a solid boundary.
LAMINATED FABRIC: . Fabric composed of a high-strength reinforcing scrim or base fabric between two plies of flexible thermoplastic film. Usually open scrims are used to permit the polymer to flow through the interstices and bond during calendering.
LAP: A continuous, considerably compressed sheet of fibers that is rolled under pressure into a cylindrical package, usually weighing between 40 and 50 pounds. The lap is used to supply the card.
LAPPING: A term describing the movement of yarn guides between needles, at right angles to the needle bar, or laterally in relation to the needle bar, or laterally in relation to the needle bar during warp knitting.
LAP SPLITTING: A condition caused by a lap that will not unwind in carding in the same
thickness as it was wound in picking. This splitting of the sheet of fiber can result in either a thicker or thinner sheet being fed into the card.
LASE: An acronym for load at specified elongation: the load required to produce a given
elongation of a yarn or cord.
LASER: A device for producing an intense beam of coherent light. It is used for cutting,
spectroscopy, photography, biomedical investigations, etc.
LASTRILE FIBER: A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and a diene composed of at least 10% by weight, but not more than 50% by weight, of acrylonitrile [-CH2-CH(CN)-] units (FTC definition).
LATCH NEEDLE: One of the two types of knitting machine needles. The latch needle has a small terminal hook with a latch that pivots automatically in knitting to close the hook. The fabric loop is cast off. The latch then opens, allowing a new loop to be formed by the hook, and loop-forming and casting-off procee simultaneously.
LATENT CRIMP: Crimp in fibers that can be developed by a specific treatment. Fibers are prepared specially to crimp when subjected to specific conditions, e.g., tumbling in a heated chamber or wet processing.
LATEX: A milky fluid found in certain cells of some families of seed plants.Latex is the raw material from which rubber is made.
LAWN: A light, thin cloth made of carded or combed yarns, this fabric is given a creaseresistant, crisp finish. Lawn is crisper than voile but not as crisp as organdy.
LEACHING: The removal of any substance or dye from textiles by the percolating action of a suitable liquid.
LENO WEAVE: A weave in which the warp yarns are arranged in pairs with one twisted around the other between picks of filling yarn as in marquisette. This type of weave gives firmness and strength to an openweave fabric and prevents slippage and displacement of warp and filling yarns.
LET-OFF MOTION: A device for controlling the delivery and tension of the warp during
weaving.
LEVELING: Migration leading to uniform distribution of dye in a dyed material.Leveling may be a property of the dye or it may require chemical assistance.
LEVEL LOOP: A term describing a tufted or woven carpet with uncut, equal length loops
composing the pile surface.
LICKERIN: A part of the feed mechanism of the card. It consists of a hollow, metal roll with a spirally grooved surface containing a special saw-toothed wire. The lickerin opens up the tufts of the picker lap as it is fed to the card and transfers the fibers to the main cylinder.
LICKERIN LOADING: A condition whereby fibers are imbedded in the lickerin wire clothing so as to resist transfer to the cylinder clothing.
LIGHT END: 1. The low boiling fraction in distillation.
LIGHTFASTNESS: The degree of resistance of dyed textile materials to the color-destroying influence of sunlight. Two methods of testing are in use: (1) exposure to sunlight, either directly or under glass, and (2) accelerated testing in a laboratory apparatus equipped with any of several types of artificial light sources.
LIGNIN: The major noncarbohydrate portion of wood. It is an amorphous polymeric substance that cements the fibrous portions together.
LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX: A relative measure of flammability that is determined as
follows. A sample is ignited in an oxygen/nitrogen atmosphere. The oxygen content is adjusted until the minimum required to sustain steady burning is found. The higher the value, the lower the flammability.
LINEAR DENSITY: Mass per unit length expressed as grams per centimeter, pounds per foot,or equivalent units. It is the quotient obtained by dividing the mass of a fiber or yarn by its length.
LINEN: Cellulosic fibers derived from the stem of the flax plant or a fabric made from these fibers. Linen fibers are much stronger and more lustrous that cotton; they yield cool, absorbent fabrics that wrinkle easily. Fabrics with linen-like texture and coolness but with good wrinkle resistance can be produced from manufactured fibers and blends.
LINEN LEA: The number of 300-yard hanks contained in one pound.
LINET: A French-make lining fabric of unbleached linen.
LINON A JOUR: A gauze-like linen fabric used as dress goods.
LINT: Particles and short fibers that fall from a textile product during the stresses of use.
LINTERS: The short cotton fibers that are not removed from the seed during the first ginning.The linters are cut from the seed and used as a source for cellulose derivatives such as nitrocellulose or viscose rayon.
LIQUID CRYSTAL: A liquid in which the molecules are oriented parallel to each other
resulting in birefringence and interference patterns visible in polarizing light.
LIQUOR RATIO: In wet processing the ratio of the weight of liquid used to the weight of goods treated.
LISLE YARN: A high-quality cotton yarn made by plying yarns spun from long combed staple.Lisle is singed to hive it a smooth finish.
LOFT: The properties of firmness, resilience, and bulk of a fiber batting, yarn, fabric, or other textile material.
LONG STAPLE: A long fiber. In reference to cotton, long staple indicates a fiber length of not less that 1-1/8 inches. In reference to wool, the term indicates fiber 3 to 4 inches long suitable for combing.
LOOM BARRÉ: A repeated unevenness in the fabric, usually running from selvage to selvage,and caused by uneven let-off or take-up or by a loose crank arm.
LOOM-FINISHED: A term describing fabric that is sold in the condition in which it comes from the loom.
LOOM FLY: Waste fibers that are inadvertently woven into a fabric.
LOOPED FILLING: A woven-in loop caused by the filling sloughing off the quill or by the shuttle rebounding in the box.
LOOPED PILE: A pile surface made of uncut looped yarns.
LOOP ELONGATION: The maximum extension of a looped yarn at maximum load, expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length.
LOOPING: Generally, a method of uniting knit fabrics by joining two courses of loops on a machine called a looper.
LOOPING BAR: A bar inserted in the bottom of an extrusion metier around which the dried filaments pass as they leave the spinning cabinet.
LOOP PILE: Carpet construction in which the tufts are formed into loops from the supply yarn.
LOOP TENACITY: The strength of a compound strand formed when one strand of yarn is looped through another strand, then broken. It is the breaking load in grams divided by twice the measured yarn denier or decitex. Loop tenacity, when compared with standard tenacity measurements, is an indication of the brittleness of a fiber.
LOOPY SELVAGE: A weaving defect at the selvage of excessive thickness or irregular filling loops that extend beyond the outside selvages.
LOW ROWS: A carpet defect characterized by rows of unusually low pile height across the width of the goods.
LUANA: A fabric characterized by a crosswise rib effect, usually made with a filament yarn warp and a spun yarn filling.
LUBRICANT: An oil or emulsion finish applied to fibers to prevent damage during textile
processing or to knitting yarns to make them more pliable.
LUMINESCENCE: Emission of light not caused by incandescence but rather by physiological processes, chemical action, friction or electrical action.
LUSTER: The quality of shining with reflected light. With reference to textile materials, the term is frequently associated with the adjectives bright or dull to distinguish between varieties of manufactured fibers.
LUSTERING: The finishing of yarn or fabric by means of heat, pressure, steam, friction,
calendering, etc., to produce luster.
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