A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-R
RACK: A warp-knitting measure consisting of 480 courses. Tricot fabric quality is judged by the number of inches per rack.
RACKED STITCH: A knitting stitch that produces a herringbone effect with a ribbed back. It is employed in sweaters for decorative purposes or to form the edge of garments. The racked stitch is a variation of the half-cardigan stitch; it is created when one set of needles is displaced in relation to the other set.
RACKING: A term referring to the side-to-side movement of the needles of the needle bed of a knitting machine. Racking results in inclined stitches and reduced elasticity.
RAILS: The metal bars on which the spindles of a downtwister are mounted.
RAMIE: A bast fiber similar to flax obtained from the stalk of a plant grown in China, the U.S.,and Japan.
RANDOM-SHEARED CARPET: A pile carpet with a textured face produced by shearing some of the loops and leaving others intact.
RAPIER LOOMS: Looms in which either a double or single rapier (thin metallic shaft with a yarn gripping device) carries the filament through the shed. In a single rapier machine, the yarn is carried completely across the fabric by the rapier. In the double machine, the yarn is passed from one rapier to the other in the middle of the shed.
RATINÉ: 1. A plain-weave, loosely constructed fabric having a rough, spongy texture which is imparted by the use of nubby plied yarns. It is made from worsted, cotton, or other yarns. 2. A variant of spiral yarns in which the outer yarn is fed more freely to form loops that kink back on themselves and are held in place by a third binder yarn that is added in a second twisting operation.
RAVEL: A type of comb or rail with projecting teeth for separating and guiding warp ends.
RAVELING: The process of undoing or separating the weave or knit of a fabric.
RAW FIBER: A textile fiber in its natural state, such as silk “in the gum” and cotton as it comes from the bale.
REAMING: Further plying of a two-ply yarn with a singles yarn. Reaming is not the same as plying three singles yarns in one operation.
RECONSTITUTED FIBERS: Fibers made from recovered waste polymer or blends of virgin polymer and recovered waste polymer.
REDUCTION CLEARING: The removal of unabsorbed disperse dye from the surface of
polyester at the end of the dyeing or printing process by treatment in a sodium hydroxide/sodium hydrosulfite bath. A surface-active agent may be employed in the process.
REED: A comb-like device on a loom that separates the warp yarns and also beats each
succeeding filling thread against that already woven. The reed usually consists of a top and bottom rib of wood into which metal strips or wires are set. The space between two adjacent wires is called a dent (or split) and the warp is drawn through the dents. The fineness of the reed is calculated by the number of dents per inch.
REED MARKS: A fabric defect consisting of warpwise light and heavy streaks in a woven
fabric, caused by bent, unevenly packed, or weak reed wires.
REELING: In silk fiber production, the process of unwinding the cocoon.
REFRACTORY FIBER: Oxide or non-oxide, amorphous or crystalline, manufactured fiber
generally used for applications at temperatures greater the 1063°C in both oxidizing and nonoxidizing atmospheres, i.e., Al2O3, ZrO2, Al2O3•SiO2.
REGENERATED CELLULOSE: A material which begins as cellulose but at some stage in the chemical processing takes the form of another chemical compound, then appears again in its completed state as cellulose. Viscose and cuprammonium rayons are regenerated cellulose.
RELATED SHADES: Colors of similar tone in the same or different depths.
RELATIVE HUMIDITY: The ratio of the actual vapor pressure of moisture in air to the
saturation vapor pressure at ambient temperature.
RELATIVE VISCOSITY: Ratio of the viscosity of the polymer in solution to that of the solvent expressed as time of efflux of the solution divided by the time of efflux of the solvent at constant temperature.
RELAXED YARN: A yarn treated to reduce tension and produce more uniform shrinkage or torque. Relaxation produces more uniform dyeing characteristics in regular filament yarns of nylon or polyester.
RELSET PROCESS: A process of Richen, Inc., for continuous heat-setting of carpet or other heavy yarns. Individual ends are continuously fed into a heat-setting chamber and withdrawn into take-up cans or fed to winders.
REPACK ORDER: 1. An order requiring special packaging, as for export. 2. A small order for a number of items requiring a breakdown of large cases.
REPEAT: The distance covered by a single unit of a pattern that is duplicated over and over, measured along the length of a fabric.
REPELLENCY: The ability to resist wetting and staining by oils, water, soils, and other
materials.
RESIDUAL SHRINKAGE: A term describing the amount of shrinkage remaining in a fabric after finishing, expressed as a percentage of the dimensions before finishing.
RESILIENCY: Ability of a fiber or fabric to spring back when crushed or wrinkled.
RESIN-TREATED: Usually, a term descriptive of a textile material that has received an external resin application for stiffening or an internal fiber treatment (especially of cellulosics) to give wrinkle resistance or permanent press characteristics.
RESTRAINT SYSTEMS: An end use for textile fibers; restraint systems are devices such as air bags, seat belts, and shoulder harnesses for passenger protection in automobile, trucks, airplanes,etc.
RETARDER: A chemical that, when added to the dyebath, decreases the rate of dyeing but does not affect the final exhaustion.
REVERSIBLE BONDED FABRIC: A bonded structure in which two face fabrics are bonded together so that the two sides may be used interchangeable. There are limitations to the fabrics that may be used because of increased fabric stiffness resulting from bonding.
REVOLVING SPINNING RING: A driven ring that rotates in the direction of the traveler on a ring spinning frame. Since both the ring and the yarn package turn when this ring system is used, productivity is increased.
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES: The properties of viscous substances including polymers
that deal with deformation and flow. Includes viscosity and flow rate measurements.
RIBBING: A corded effect in a woven fabric that can be either lengthwise, crosswise, or
diagonal.
RIBBON: Narrow fabric made in several widths and a variety of weaves and used as a trimming.
RIB KNIT: A double-knit fabric in which the wales or vertical rows of stitches intermesh alternately on the face and the back. In other words, odd wales intermesh on one side of the cloth and even wales on the other. Ribknit fabrics of this type have good elasticity, especially in the width.
RICKRACK: Flat braid in zigzag formation. It is produced by applying different tensions to individual threads during manufacture.
RIDGY BEAM: A beam of yarn on which the ends are not evenly distributed across the barrel, causing a profile of peaks (ridges) and valleys. A ridgy beam can give poor removal characteristics.
RIPENING: Hydrolysis of cellulose acetate after acetylation to obtain the desired acetyl value.This is generally accomplished by heat and agitation of the acid cellulose acetate solution under controlled conditions of time, temperature, and acidity. Rapid ripening is accomplished by using increased temperature for the reaction.
RISER: In textile fabric designing, a colored or darkened square on the design paper which indicates that the warp end is over the filling pick at that point. The opposite of riser is sinker.
ROLLED SELVAGE: A curled selvage.
ROLLER CARD: Generally, any type of card in which rollers do the carding. Usually this
refers to a woolen card with a main cylinder and four to seven stripper rolls and worker rolls working in pairs.
ROLL GOODS: Fabric rolled up on a core after it has been produced. It is described in terms of weight and width of the roll and length of the material on the roll.
ROLL LAPPING: A condition in which groups of fibers attach themselves to the drafting rolls instead of following the normal path through the drafting system. These fibers cause the trailing fibers to wind around the rolls and to bread the end down completely. Cleaning of the rolls is required to remove the accumulated fiber.
ROTOFLEX: A fatigue or endurance test developed by Goodyear for industrial yarns or cords.
ROT RESISTANCE: The ability of textile materials to resist physical deterioration resulting from the action of bacteria and other destructive agents such as sunlight or sea water.
ROUGH: A fabric condition in which the surface resembles sandpaper. Principal causes are the shuttle rebounding in the box, jerky or loose shuttle tension, an incorrectly timed harness, and wild twist in the filling.
ROVING FRAME: A general name for all of the machines used to produce roving, different types of which are called slubber, intermediate, fine, and jack. Roving frames draft the stock by means of drafting rolls, twist it by means of a flyer, and wind it onto a bobbin.
ROWS: In pile floor covering, the average number of tufts or loops per inch in the warpwise direction.
RUBBER FILAMENT: A filament extruded from natural or synthetic rubber and used as the core of some elastic threads.
RUNNER: A break in the yarn of a knit fabric that causes the stitch to “run” along the needle line (wale) in a vertical direction.
RUNNER LENGTH: In knitting, the number of inches of yarn from a warp to make one rack of fabric.
RUN-PROOF: A knitted construction in which the loops are locked to prevent runs.
RUN-RESISTANT: A type of knitting stitch that reduces runs.
Textile Dictionary is start by Letter-R
RACK: A warp-knitting measure consisting of 480 courses. Tricot fabric quality is judged by the number of inches per rack.
RACKED STITCH: A knitting stitch that produces a herringbone effect with a ribbed back. It is employed in sweaters for decorative purposes or to form the edge of garments. The racked stitch is a variation of the half-cardigan stitch; it is created when one set of needles is displaced in relation to the other set.
RACKING: A term referring to the side-to-side movement of the needles of the needle bed of a knitting machine. Racking results in inclined stitches and reduced elasticity.
RAILS: The metal bars on which the spindles of a downtwister are mounted.
RAMIE: A bast fiber similar to flax obtained from the stalk of a plant grown in China, the U.S.,and Japan.
RANDOM-SHEARED CARPET: A pile carpet with a textured face produced by shearing some of the loops and leaving others intact.
RAPIER LOOMS: Looms in which either a double or single rapier (thin metallic shaft with a yarn gripping device) carries the filament through the shed. In a single rapier machine, the yarn is carried completely across the fabric by the rapier. In the double machine, the yarn is passed from one rapier to the other in the middle of the shed.
RATINÉ: 1. A plain-weave, loosely constructed fabric having a rough, spongy texture which is imparted by the use of nubby plied yarns. It is made from worsted, cotton, or other yarns. 2. A variant of spiral yarns in which the outer yarn is fed more freely to form loops that kink back on themselves and are held in place by a third binder yarn that is added in a second twisting operation.
RAVEL: A type of comb or rail with projecting teeth for separating and guiding warp ends.
RAVELING: The process of undoing or separating the weave or knit of a fabric.
RAW FIBER: A textile fiber in its natural state, such as silk “in the gum” and cotton as it comes from the bale.
REAMING: Further plying of a two-ply yarn with a singles yarn. Reaming is not the same as plying three singles yarns in one operation.
RECONSTITUTED FIBERS: Fibers made from recovered waste polymer or blends of virgin polymer and recovered waste polymer.
REDUCTION CLEARING: The removal of unabsorbed disperse dye from the surface of
polyester at the end of the dyeing or printing process by treatment in a sodium hydroxide/sodium hydrosulfite bath. A surface-active agent may be employed in the process.
REED: A comb-like device on a loom that separates the warp yarns and also beats each
succeeding filling thread against that already woven. The reed usually consists of a top and bottom rib of wood into which metal strips or wires are set. The space between two adjacent wires is called a dent (or split) and the warp is drawn through the dents. The fineness of the reed is calculated by the number of dents per inch.
REED MARKS: A fabric defect consisting of warpwise light and heavy streaks in a woven
fabric, caused by bent, unevenly packed, or weak reed wires.
REELING: In silk fiber production, the process of unwinding the cocoon.
REFRACTORY FIBER: Oxide or non-oxide, amorphous or crystalline, manufactured fiber
generally used for applications at temperatures greater the 1063°C in both oxidizing and nonoxidizing atmospheres, i.e., Al2O3, ZrO2, Al2O3•SiO2.
REGENERATED CELLULOSE: A material which begins as cellulose but at some stage in the chemical processing takes the form of another chemical compound, then appears again in its completed state as cellulose. Viscose and cuprammonium rayons are regenerated cellulose.
RELATED SHADES: Colors of similar tone in the same or different depths.
RELATIVE HUMIDITY: The ratio of the actual vapor pressure of moisture in air to the
saturation vapor pressure at ambient temperature.
RELATIVE VISCOSITY: Ratio of the viscosity of the polymer in solution to that of the solvent expressed as time of efflux of the solution divided by the time of efflux of the solvent at constant temperature.
RELAXED YARN: A yarn treated to reduce tension and produce more uniform shrinkage or torque. Relaxation produces more uniform dyeing characteristics in regular filament yarns of nylon or polyester.
RELSET PROCESS: A process of Richen, Inc., for continuous heat-setting of carpet or other heavy yarns. Individual ends are continuously fed into a heat-setting chamber and withdrawn into take-up cans or fed to winders.
REPACK ORDER: 1. An order requiring special packaging, as for export. 2. A small order for a number of items requiring a breakdown of large cases.
REPEAT: The distance covered by a single unit of a pattern that is duplicated over and over, measured along the length of a fabric.
REPELLENCY: The ability to resist wetting and staining by oils, water, soils, and other
materials.
RESIDUAL SHRINKAGE: A term describing the amount of shrinkage remaining in a fabric after finishing, expressed as a percentage of the dimensions before finishing.
RESILIENCY: Ability of a fiber or fabric to spring back when crushed or wrinkled.
RESIN-TREATED: Usually, a term descriptive of a textile material that has received an external resin application for stiffening or an internal fiber treatment (especially of cellulosics) to give wrinkle resistance or permanent press characteristics.
RESTRAINT SYSTEMS: An end use for textile fibers; restraint systems are devices such as air bags, seat belts, and shoulder harnesses for passenger protection in automobile, trucks, airplanes,etc.
RETARDER: A chemical that, when added to the dyebath, decreases the rate of dyeing but does not affect the final exhaustion.
REVERSIBLE BONDED FABRIC: A bonded structure in which two face fabrics are bonded together so that the two sides may be used interchangeable. There are limitations to the fabrics that may be used because of increased fabric stiffness resulting from bonding.
REVOLVING SPINNING RING: A driven ring that rotates in the direction of the traveler on a ring spinning frame. Since both the ring and the yarn package turn when this ring system is used, productivity is increased.
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES: The properties of viscous substances including polymers
that deal with deformation and flow. Includes viscosity and flow rate measurements.
RIBBING: A corded effect in a woven fabric that can be either lengthwise, crosswise, or
diagonal.
RIBBON: Narrow fabric made in several widths and a variety of weaves and used as a trimming.
RIB KNIT: A double-knit fabric in which the wales or vertical rows of stitches intermesh alternately on the face and the back. In other words, odd wales intermesh on one side of the cloth and even wales on the other. Ribknit fabrics of this type have good elasticity, especially in the width.
RICKRACK: Flat braid in zigzag formation. It is produced by applying different tensions to individual threads during manufacture.
RIDGY BEAM: A beam of yarn on which the ends are not evenly distributed across the barrel, causing a profile of peaks (ridges) and valleys. A ridgy beam can give poor removal characteristics.
RIPENING: Hydrolysis of cellulose acetate after acetylation to obtain the desired acetyl value.This is generally accomplished by heat and agitation of the acid cellulose acetate solution under controlled conditions of time, temperature, and acidity. Rapid ripening is accomplished by using increased temperature for the reaction.
RISER: In textile fabric designing, a colored or darkened square on the design paper which indicates that the warp end is over the filling pick at that point. The opposite of riser is sinker.
ROLLED SELVAGE: A curled selvage.
ROLLER CARD: Generally, any type of card in which rollers do the carding. Usually this
refers to a woolen card with a main cylinder and four to seven stripper rolls and worker rolls working in pairs.
ROLL GOODS: Fabric rolled up on a core after it has been produced. It is described in terms of weight and width of the roll and length of the material on the roll.
ROLL LAPPING: A condition in which groups of fibers attach themselves to the drafting rolls instead of following the normal path through the drafting system. These fibers cause the trailing fibers to wind around the rolls and to bread the end down completely. Cleaning of the rolls is required to remove the accumulated fiber.
ROTOFLEX: A fatigue or endurance test developed by Goodyear for industrial yarns or cords.
ROT RESISTANCE: The ability of textile materials to resist physical deterioration resulting from the action of bacteria and other destructive agents such as sunlight or sea water.
ROUGH: A fabric condition in which the surface resembles sandpaper. Principal causes are the shuttle rebounding in the box, jerky or loose shuttle tension, an incorrectly timed harness, and wild twist in the filling.
ROVING FRAME: A general name for all of the machines used to produce roving, different types of which are called slubber, intermediate, fine, and jack. Roving frames draft the stock by means of drafting rolls, twist it by means of a flyer, and wind it onto a bobbin.
ROWS: In pile floor covering, the average number of tufts or loops per inch in the warpwise direction.
RUBBER FILAMENT: A filament extruded from natural or synthetic rubber and used as the core of some elastic threads.
RUNNER: A break in the yarn of a knit fabric that causes the stitch to “run” along the needle line (wale) in a vertical direction.
RUNNER LENGTH: In knitting, the number of inches of yarn from a warp to make one rack of fabric.
RUN-PROOF: A knitted construction in which the loops are locked to prevent runs.
RUN-RESISTANT: A type of knitting stitch that reduces runs.
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